From the 1930s through to the 1960s the regulation of Queer nightlife in America was permanently on the agenda of the police authorities. Persecution by local police ran parallel to the activities of the State liquor authorities, newly empowered in the years following the Repeal of Prohibition to shut down licensed bars and clubs where there was any indication of Gay activity therein. The draconian manner in which the liquor boards targeted Gay clientele prompted a form of activism fed into the nascent Gay Rights movement. We are spending the next few episodes examining the history of how this activism, specifically around New York and San Francisco, led to legal reforms that would be fundamental to the development of Gay social life and, more specifically, nightclub culture in the Pre-Disco era of the early 1970s. This period, which followed the Stonewall Riots of 1969, saw an acceleration in Gay social culture that dovetailed with technological developments in music production and presentation. The network of underground clubs in Downtown New York operated by Gay promoters (like David Mancuso, Nicky Siano, and Michael Brody) and supported significantly by the LGBT population of the City (including The Sanctuary, The Loft, The Gallery and later the Paradise Garage) would serve as the incubators for Disco and modern electronic dance music. Often not exclusive to an LGBT crowd, these venues were nonetheless sustained by a sense of underground identity and solidarity that had developed in the face of severe aggression and discrimination on the part of Governmental authorities against Queer people throughout the 20th Century in America.
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