Financial Derivatives - Lecture 8 - Monte Carlo Method and Risk Management

These full length lectures are being provided for students who are unable to attend live university lectures due to the public health issues associated with Covid 19. I will return to my standard YouTube video format shortly.Buy The Book Here: https://amzn.to/2Qdj9zuVisit our website. www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Head to https://brilliant.org/patrick/ to start your free 30-day trial. The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant's annual premium subscription.Big startups are shutting down. More than 3000 private venture backed startups failed in the last year. Of the startups raising money, 19% were funded at a lower valuation than in prior funding rounds. 38% of VCs disappeared from dealmaking last year and more than a quarter of a million workers at tech companies lost their jobs over the same period. US corporate bankruptcy filings closed out 2023 with the most filings since 2010. The year has been described as a mass extinction event for startups in the press.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In todays video we will learn about options on foreign exchange and index options.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleOptions on Stock Indices - what are index options?A stock market index is a method of measuring the price movements of a basket of stocks in a market. Many indices are cited by the media and are used as benchmarks to measure the performance of portfolios such as mutual funds. Some are price indices and some are total return indices, meaning that they include reinvested dividends over time.There are a number of different index types. National indices represent the performance of the stock market of a given nation. Sector indices track the performance of specific industry sectors in the market. Ethical indices include only those companies that satisfy certain ecological, religious, or social criteria.Index options exist on broad-based indices like the S&P500 or the Russell 3000. They also exist on more narrowly based indices like mining indices or semiconductor indices. The global market for exchange-traded stock market index options is notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements at hundreds of billions per year. When OTC options are added to that, you can see that it is a very large market indeed.An index option is a financial derivative that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a basket of stocks, such as the S&P500, at a pre-agreed price on a specified date. An index option is similar to other options contracts, the difference being the underlying instruments are indexes. Index options are typically cash settled.Uses of Index OptionsThere are two main reasons that investors will pursue index options.1. Portfolio insurance: Investors with large stock portfolios may wish to insure their downside risk by buying put options. 2. Speculation: Portfolio managers may wish to use index options to speculate on the direction of the overall market, or on the volatility of the overall market.Foreign Exchange Options - What are currency options?A foreign exchange option is a derivative where the owner has the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. European and American options on foreign exchange are actively traded on both exchanges and OTC. Companies frequently use them to hedge foreign exchange risk, and they are commonly used to speculate on the price and volatility of various foreign exchange pairs. The foreign exchange options market is mostly an OTC market. A GBP/USD foreign exchange call option, can also be viewed as being a USD/GBP put option, as they each give the option owner the right but not the obligation to exchange a certain amount of US dollars for British pounds at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. The Black-Scholes model can be modified to price options on foreign exchange. The modified Black-Scholes model was developed in 1983 by Garman and Kohlhagen and is known as the Garman-Kohlhagen model. It is a modification of the Black-Scholes model which accounts for the different interest rates of each currency.You can think of options on currencies as being an options position with an annual percentage dividend embedded in the form of the foreign currencies’ risk-free rate. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Head to https://brilliant.org/patrick/ to start your free 30-day trial. The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant's annual premium subscription.Oil rich countries have long used sovereign-wealth funds to store their windfall profits from periods of high prices for future years when hard times might arise. Ireland on Tuesday created its own sovereign wealth fund thanks to outsize tax revenues from international companies seeking to lower their tax bills. In the past eight years, the country of five million people has watched its corporate tax income triple to the tune of 22.6 billion euros last year, equivalent to almost $24 billion—giving it a budget surplus last year of a comfortable €8 billion euros.According to GDP per capita statistics, Ireland is the wealthiest country in the world. Could this be true?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Start speaking a new language in 3 weeks with Babbel 🎉. Get up to 60% OFF your subscription ➡Here: https://go.babbel.com/t?bsc=1200m60-youtube-patrickboyle-jul-2023&btp=default&utm_term=generic_v1&utm_medium=paidsocial&utm_source=YouTube&utm_content=Influencer..patrickboyle..USA..YouTubeWhy Are Cars Suddenly So Expensive?Over the last three years we have seen the biggest car price increases in history. Last year the average cost of a new car in the United States was forty-seven thousand dollars and the average used car price today is just under thirty thousand dollars.Car buyers today aren’t just faced with higher car prices, the average interest rate on a new car or truck loan has reached just under nine per cent and car insurance costs are rocketing too. What is going on?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

⬇️ Check out OpenDots ONE below ⬇️Shokz.com: https://sdqk.shokz.com/PatrickBoyle/OpenDotsONE?utm_content=linkAmazon: https://sdqk.shokz.com/PatrickBoyle/Amazon?utm_content=linkSince Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, its economy has surpassed most expectations. Last year, Russia’s economy grew more than the United States and Europe and on top of that Russian unemployment is at a record low. What is causing this growth and how are wartime economies different? Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ [email protected] Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Unprecedented stimulus measures to help the global economy recover from the pandemic are fueling price rises in many major economies. This week we examine whether this is just temporary, or if inflation is back for good. Is this a new era of hyperinflation?Interview With Manoj Pradhan: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHf0oma3QDA&t=605sBook by Manoj Pradhan - The Great Demographic Reversal: https://amzn.to/2TBpGsaPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceVisit our website: www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Stop paying for GPT, Claude, and Gemini separately. 🙅‍♂️Genspark puts them all in one workspace. One subscription. Three killer features:🔍 Fact Check – 30 rounds of live verification with source proof📝 AI Meeting Notes – Record on your phone, auto-share professional notes🎨 AI Designer – Thumbnails, social graphics, anything you needNew users get free credits. Paid subscribers get unlimited AI Chat + AI Image for 2026.Try Genspark today 👉https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle04@GensparkProduct #Genspark #ai #WorkWithGensparkA three-bedroom "dunger" in New Zealand with peeling paint and boarded-up windows sold for 1.81 million dollars at the peak of the boom. A few years later, prices had fallen by as much as a third in real terms, recent buyers were trapped in negative equity, and thousands of construction firms had gone under. In this video we look at how a national housing boom turns into a bust, why house prices became so unaffordable in the first place, and what it means for an economy when the family home stops being a place to live and becomes a leveraged investment.Along the way we cover the interest-rate math behind home affordability and why falling mortgage rates inflated prices for forty years, the politics of why governments keep house prices rising, why high housing costs drive young workers to emigrate, and the lessons from past property crashes in Japan, the United States, and Ireland. We also look at Henry George's argument for a land value tax, Edward Leamer's "Housing IS the Business Cycle," and why an efficient property market matters for the whole economy. Whether you're in the US, UK, Canada, Australia, or anywhere else watching house prices climb out of reach, the underlying dynamics are the same.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ [email protected] Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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