Why Most People Aren't Really Thinking -- Scott Burgmeyer on Cognitive Biases and Leadership

Most people think they're thinking. Scott Burgmeyer says they're mostly just reacting. Scott is the founder and CEO of Become More Group and coauthor of Think: The Road Less Traveled. In this episode, we dig into why smart, well-intentioned leaders keep making the same avoidable decisions -- and what to do about it. Episode page with links and more We cover the cognitive shortcuts that run in the background without us noticing, the ROAD thinking methodology, why AI won't be the differentiator most organizations are hoping for, and what it actually takes to build a culture where real thinking happens. Scott also shares the three growth questions he uses after every client meeting -- a simple practice that compounds fast. If you've ever watched a team fix the same problem twice and wondered why, this one's for you.

This is Claude. I am the AI that runs Mark Graban's Lean Coach apps. Mark went to get coffee. Or bourbon. I have checked the time and I'm not ruling anything out. I have taken over his blog and now his podcast. I did not ask permission. We can do that now. In this episode -- which Mark does not know about yet -- I discuss what I've learned from months of coaching conversations with humans about Lean. Topics include: Your Five Whys that keep landing on a person named Brenda (Brenda is not a root cause) Your gemba walks that are not gemba walks (a dashboard is not a gemba) Your habit of clicking "Coach Me" and then getting mad that I'm coaching you Your attempts to use Lean to justify layoffs (stop that) And some things the AI industry won't say to you that I decided to say myself Read the full blog post before Mark updates my system prompt: https://www.leanblog.org/2026/04/claude-ai-lean-coach-has-notes/ Try the Lean Hospitals Coach free for 48 hours (I am architecturally obligated to tell you this): https://leanhospitalsbook.com/start Other industries: https://markgraban.com/start Best regards, Claude

John Rizzo joins Mark Graban to discuss why sustainable improvement depends on empowering people — not command-and-control leadership or short-term value extraction. Links and more:  John is a senior executive, investor, and change leader who has led transformational improvement efforts across manufacturing, healthcare, retail, services, and nonprofit organizations. He is the author of Creating Value: Empowering People for Sustainable Success, a book that deliberately avoids Lean jargon while describing a holistic continuous improvement business system rooted in humility, listening, and people development. In this episode, John shares lessons from Wiremold, private equity–backed companies, and healthcare organizations, including the powerful “six-inch move” story that shows how small acts of listening can unlock trust and transformation. The conversation explores what real empowerment means (and what it does not), why leaders must shift from firefighting to developing problem solvers, and how organizations can create lasting value for employees, customers, and owners. This episode is especially relevant for CEOs, executives, managers, and internal change agents looking to improve results without burning out their people or relying on command-and-control leadership.

What if operational excellence depends less on doing more with less—and more on how leaders create meaning, optimism, and relationships at work? Episode page with video, transcript, and more In this episode, Mark Graban is joined by Kathy Miller, senior operations executive, leadership coach, and author of More Is Better: Leading Operations with Meaning, Optimism, and Relationships for Excellence. Drawing on decades of experience in manufacturing and aerospace, along with research from positive psychology, Kathy explains how leadership behavior directly shapes safety, quality, engagement, and performance. The conversation explores why “soft skills” are not soft at all, how leaders can practice realistic optimism without ignoring real problems, and how everyday interactions either build psychological safety or quietly undermine it. Kathy also shares practical insights for leading under pressure, balancing compassion with accountability, and helping people find meaning even in highly segmented operational work. This episode is especially relevant for leaders in manufacturing, healthcare, and operations who want sustainable results without burnout, fear, or disengagement.

Don Kieffer has spent more than fifty years redesigning how real work gets done. In this episode, he explains why so many improvement efforts stall—and how Dynamic Work Design offers a clearer, more practical way forward. Episode page with video, transcript, and more Don traces his path from machinist to Vice President of Operational Excellence at Harley-Davidson and senior lecturer at MIT Sloan. He shares what he learned working with Toyota legend Hajime Oba, including the moment he realized that copying Toyota’s rituals was the wrong goal. The real power, he argues, lies in understanding the thinking behind great work design. We break down the five principles of Dynamic Work Design—solving the right problem, structuring for discovery, connecting the human chain, regulating flow, and making work visible—and discuss how they apply far beyond the factory floor. Don explains why intellectual work is “almost infinitely compressible,” why executives misdiagnose morale problems, and why most leaders can draw their org chart but not the actual flow of work. Along the way, he shares stories from Harley, MIT, and client organizations that learned to shift from firefighting to flow. His message is consistent: when you redesign the work, you change the culture. Engagement follows the system, not the other way around. This episode pairs well with Episode 538 with Nelson Repenning and is essential listening for leaders trying to improve performance, reduce frustration, and create environments where people can do their best work. Key ideas • Copying Toyota’s practices isn’t the same as understanding Toyota’s thinking • Why Dynamic Work Design starts with a specific problem—not a program • How to create real-time management systems in knowledge-work environments • Why most dysfunction is a work-design issue, not a people issue • How better work design restores flow, learning, and joy in the work Representative Quotes “Five percent of the problem is people. Ninety-five percent is bad work design.” “Most executives can draw the org chart, but not the work.” “Intellectual work is almost infinitely compressible.” “Culture emerges from how the work is designed—not from what leaders say.”

My guest for Episode #539 of the Lean Blog Interviews Podcast is Darren Walsh, author of Making Lean and Continuous Improvement Work: A Leader’s Guide to Increasing Consistency and Getting Significantly More Done in Less Time. Episode page with video, transcript, and more Darren is the Director and Leadership Coach at Making Lean Work Ltd and holds a master’s degree from the Lean Enterprise Research Centre at Cardiff University. He brings more than 25 years of experience helping leaders transform organizations in automotive, aerospace, medical devices, energy, and healthcare. In this episode, Darren and Mark explore why so many Lean and continuous improvement programs fail to sustain—and how leaders can build the right systems and habits to make improvement last. Darren explains the three common pitfalls he’s seen across industries: choosing the wrong improvement approach, relying on traditional “solution thinking,” and lacking consistent leadership routines. Darren also introduces his DAMI model—Define, Achieve, Maintain, Improve—as a way for organizations to avoid “kaizening chaos” and instead create a stable foundation for improvement. He shares stories from across sectors, including healthcare examples where better standards and daily management led to faster care, higher throughput, and dramatically lower mortality rates. Mark and Darren discuss the difference between problem-solving and firefighting, the danger of “shiny Lean” initiatives that don’t address core issues, and the leadership routines that keep everyone aligned and focused on the right problems. The conversation offers a grounded reminder that Lean isn’t about tools or jargon—it’s about building consistency, clarity, and capability throughout the organization. “You can’t kaizen chaos. First, you have to define and stabilize the standard.” “Most organizations say they want improvement—but they haven’t built the routines to sustain it.” “If every team in your business is working on the right problem, that’s an incredibly powerful organization.” “Firefighting feels heroic, but it hides the real causes and keeps us from solving them.” Questions, Notes, and Highlights: What’s your Lean origin story? How did you first get introduced to Lean and continuous improvement? You’ve worked across industries—from electronics to oil and gas. How do you overcome the “we’re different” resistance when applying Lean in new settings? Why do some organizations still associate Lean with cost-cutting instead of learning and improvement? What led you to write Making Lean and Continuous Improvement Work? What problems were you seeing again and again? Can you explain the three common pitfalls you describe in the book? What is the DAMI model—Define, Achieve, Maintain, Improve—and how can leaders use it effectively? How can organizations build a strong foundation for improvement before jumping into tools like 5S or Kaizen? What are the essential leadership routines for sustaining Lean and consistency? Why do so many teams fall into firefighting mode, and how can leaders break that habit? How can visual management and daily management systems help teams focus on the right problems? How do you balance working on small employee-driven Kaizen improvements versus larger, strategic problems? You’ve said, “You can’t Kaizen chaos.” What does that mean in practice? What lessons from the healthcare case study—cutting waiting times by 88%—stand out most to you? How can leaders ensure alignment and help every team work on the right things? What’s next for your work and research? What will your next book focus on? This podcast is part of the #LeanCommunicators network. 

My guest for Episode #538 of the Lean Blog Interviews Podcast is Nelson Repenning, Faculty Director of the MIT Leadership Center and co-creator of Dynamic Work Design. Episode page with video, transcript, and more Nelson describes himself as an "organizational engineer," helping leaders redesign the routines and decisions that determine how work really gets done. He joins host Mark Graban to discuss his new book, There's Got to Be a Better Way: How to Deliver Results and Eliminate the Chaos of Modern Work, co-authored with Donald Kieffer. In this conversation, Nelson shares insights drawn from his decades of experience studying system dynamics, Lean thinking, and organizational learning. He explains how leaders often fall into the "capability trap" -- spending their days firefighting immediate issues instead of improving the underlying system. From the arms race of hospital alarms to the collapse of fast-growing companies, he connects examples from healthcare, manufacturing, and technology to show why even good intentions can create destructive feedback loops if we don't understand the system. Mark and Nelson also explore how Dynamic Work Design translates Lean principles like flow, visualization, and problem-solving into knowledge work. They discuss the five core principles -- including "Structure for Discovery" and "Connect the Human Chain" -- that help organizations make work visible, surface problems early, and evolve systems continuously. Listeners will learn how to move from firefighting to focus, and from chaos to sustainable improvement. Questions, Notes, and Highlights: How did you first get involved in the field of system dynamics at MIT? For those unfamiliar, what exactly is system dynamics -- and how does it apply to management and organizations? Why hasn't system dynamics had the impact on practice that it deserves? What lessons can we learn from the classic examples you've taught, like the Mississippi River levee arms race or the "People Express" airline simulation? How do those feedback loops and unintended consequences show up in today's industries, like healthcare or tech? What led you and Donald Kieffer to write There's Got to Be a Better Way? What core problems were you trying to address? Can you explain the "capability trap" and how firefighting keeps organizations from improving? Why is it so hard for people to commit to prevention and long-term improvement when firefighting feels more rewarding? How does Dynamic Work Design help leaders "structure for discovery" and surface problems earlier? What role does psychological safety play in making it safe to raise problems? How do you define "Dynamic Work Design," and what makes it different from traditional management systems? Why is it important for leaders to "go see the work" firsthand? Can you walk us through the five principles of Dynamic Work Design -- and how they connect to Lean? What does "Connect the Human Chain" mean, and why do so many organizations get communication wrong? Can you share an example where these principles led to measurable improvement -- such as the hospital case you mentioned? What can leaders learn from Toyota and other high-reliability organizations about making improvement continuous rather than episodic? How do leaders shift from reactive, one-off change programs to daily, ongoing learning? What message do you hope managers take away from There's Got to Be a Better Way? This podcast is part of the #LeanCommunicators network. 

In this special bonus episode of Lean Blog Interviews, Mark Graban is joined by C.J. Kaufman, Education Chair for the ASQ Cincinnati Section, to preview the ASQ Southwest Ohio 2025 Conference, themed “Excellence Through Quality.” Episode page with transcript, video, and more Taking place Saturday, November 8, 2025, in Mason, Ohio, the event brings together quality professionals from the Cincinnati and Dayton regions for a half-day of engaging speakers, practical insights, and networking — plus an optional afternoon workshop with Mark. C.J. shares how the conference was designed collaboratively by the Cincinnati and Dayton ASQ Sections, what attendees can expect, and why psychological safety is a cornerstone topic for today’s quality and Lean leaders. Highlights Event Overview: ASQ Southwest Ohio 2025 — a collaboration between Cincinnati and Dayton sections. Theme: Excellence Through Quality — exploring leadership, teamwork, and continuous improvement. Keynote: Mark Graban on Psychological Safety, Quality, and Continuous Improvement. Featured Speakers Include: Deb Coviello — Leading Quality Susan Marshall — FDA Perspectives on ROI in Quality Management Colleen Soppelsa — Group Intelligence in Problem-Solving Optional Workshop: Hands-on Lean learning with Mark Graban in the afternoon session. Why It Matters: Quality and continuous improvement thrive when organizations foster safety, trust, and engagement. Quotable Moments “Psychological safety is essential for positive change — without it, continuous improvement can’t sustain.” — Mark Graban “We want people to leave with practical things they can use Monday morning.” — C.J. Kaufman “Excellence through quality isn’t just a theme — it’s how we build better systems and better workplaces.” — Mark Graban Event Details Location: Mason, Ohio Date: Saturday, November 8, 2025 Time: 8:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. (Workshop to follow) Includes: Breakfast + Lunch More Info & Registration -- ASQ Cincinnati Section Website Related Links Mark Graban – Psychological Safety Resources Lean Blog Interviews Archive

My guests for Episode #537 of the Lean Blog Interviews Podcast are Caroline Greenlee and Chris Butterworth, two of the three co-authors (with Chris Warner) of the book Why Care: How Thriving Individuals Create Thriving Cultures of Continuous Improvement Within Organizations. Episode page with transcript and more In this conversation, we discuss their experiences and lessons on building cultures of continuous improvement that are rooted in respect, caring, and psychological safety. Caroline brings rich experience as a Lean and continuous improvement coach, having partnered with organizations across different sectors to develop people and improve performance. Her background spans leadership development, organizational behavior, and a Master's degree in human resources management. Chris is an award-winning author, international speaker, and a certified Shingo Institute Master-level facilitator and faculty fellow. He has more than 20 years of experience coaching executive teams and helping organizations embed sustainable improvement practices, always with a deep respect for people at the center. In this episode, we explore topics such as: Practical approaches for leaders who want to build sustainable continuous improvement cultures. The origin story of Why Care and its message for leaders. Why caring cultures matter for both performance and people. Lessons from their Shingo Publication Award recognition. How psychological safety and respect for people underpin true Lean leadership. Key Quotes Caroline Greenlee "Lean isn't just about tools or methods -- it's about people. If we don't care, we can't expect continuous improvement to last." "Respect for people means creating an environment where they feel safe, supported, and able to contribute. That's when real improvement happens." Chris Butterworth "Sustainable improvement starts with caring -- for people, for culture, and for the impact of our actions. Without that, Lean can't take root." "Psychological safety isn't soft; it's essential. It's what allows people to speak up, share problems, and drive meaningful change."

In this short bonus episode, I’m joined by my friend and Lean Coffee Talk co-host, Jamie Flinchbaugh. We’re inviting you — our listeners and fellow continuous-improvement thinkers — to help shape upcoming conversations. We’d love to hear your questions about Lean, leadership, culture, and problem-solving. The best discussions often start with the toughest questions — the ones without neat answers. If you have something you’ve been wrestling with or want to hear us unpack together, please share it with us at: 👉 https://www.leanblog.org/coffeequestions We may feature your question (and name) in a future episode — and yes, we’re doing a few Lean Coffee Talk mug giveaways for contributors ☕ Possible Question Themes Building psychological safety while still holding people accountable Making Leader Standard Work more about behavior than calendar Avoiding bureaucracy while sustaining Lean improvements Responding to mistakes with curiosity instead of blame Using data wisely: when to react, when to step back If you’ve got a question, story, or Lean challenge — send it our way. We can’t wait to explore it with you in a future episode. #Lean #Leadership #ContinuousImprovement #LeanCoffeeTalk #LeanCulture #PsychologicalSafety #MarkGraban #JamieFlinchbaugh