
When people obsessed with demographic shift are asked to give an example of a country that does it right, they often point to Israel, whose total fertility rate of 2.87 is the highest in the OECD. But why is Israel's fertility rate so much higher than its peers? This week, Josh and June dig into the history of the Israeli state to see how natalist ideals were embedded into its fabric even before its formal founding and learn how that ideology links to the forcible transfer and expulsion of its native Palestinian population.
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EPISODE ART: David Ben-Gurion, the first prime minister of Israel. Before the state of Israel was established in 1948, Ben-Gurion was instrumental in building support for the concept of a Jewish state in Palestine and led the nascent settler movement known as the Yishuv in its transition to full governance.
SOURCES:
- A Very Short History of the Israel–Palestine Conflict by Ilan Pappé (Oneworld Publications, 2024)
- “David Ben-Gurion and the ‘Demographic Threat’: His Dualistic Approach to Natalism, 1936–63” by Lilach Rosenberg-Friedman (Middle Eastern Studies, April 22, 2015)
- “Religiosity, nationalism and fertility among Jews in Israel revisited” by Evgenia Bystrov (Acta Sociologica, May 2016)
- “Demographic Change in the Greater Levant: A Case Study by Country Egypt, Israel, and
- Gaza, Lebanon, and Syria” by Anthony H Cordesman (CSIS, 2022)
- “Jewish pronatalism: Policy and practice” by Michal Raucher (Religion Compass, 2021)
- “The Impact of Militarism, Patriarchy, and Culture on Israeli Women’s Reproductive Health and Well-Being” by Leeat Granek and Ora Nakash (International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2017)
- “Vanishing Palestine” by Lila Sharif (Critical Ethnic Studies, 2016)
- “West Bank annexation supported by nearly 40% of Israeli Jews, JPPI poll finds” (The Jerusalem Post, August 12, 2026)
- “Israel abortion application rates decline, with nearly all requests gaining approval, CBS reports” by Ruby Sadikman (The Jerusalem Post, June 27, 2026)
- World Bank data for the population of the West Bank and Gaza
- Abortion in the United States fact sheet (Guttmacher Institute, March 2026)
- “Israeli army ends 11-day Hebron raid after looting and vandalising Palestinian homes” by Fayha Shalash (Middle East Eye, November 4, 2026)
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