Agroforestry Through the Elements - Earth

This is the third episode of a new series exploring agroforestry, in which we use the elements as a framework to deepen understanding and challenge assumptions around trees on farms. The overarching aim is to explore how trees on farms contribute to more than just individual functions, holding the ability to transform whole landscapes and ecosystems. This episode investigates how trees improve soil biology, structure and fertility. Wallace Currie is joined by Lincolnshire farmer Thomas Gent and Professor Paul Burgess to explore how agroforestry systems can play a fundamental role in supporting life below ground, supporting nutrient cycling, and offering knock-on benefits for landscape productivity, ecology and climate resilience.  Show notes: Find out more about the series here. Explore the Agricology Agroforestry Hub here. 

This the second episode of a new series exploring agroforestry, in which we use the elements as a framework to deepen understanding and challenge assumptions around trees on farms. The overarching aim is to explore how trees on farms contribute to more than just individual functions, holding the ability to transform whole landscapes and ecosystems.  This episode focuses on the element of 'fire.' Guest host Wallace Currie is joined by Northumberland-based farmer Tom Fairfax and "hedge geek" Megan Gimber from People's Trust for Endangered Species. They dive into the role of energy in agroforestry systems; from firewood and biomass to nutrient cycling and carbon flow. They chat passionately about how trees and hedgerows can play a major role in creating low-input, circular systems that support life above and below ground, providing lasting returns for the farm and farmer.  Show notes: Find out more about the series here. Explore the Agricology Agroforestry Hub here. Explore these other useful resources: Hedgerow Masterclass with James Robinson and Megan Gimber and Productive Hedges.

This is the first episode of a new series exploring agroforestry, in which we use the elements as a framework to deepen understanding and challenge assumptions around trees on farms. The overarching aim is to explore how trees on farms contribute to more than just individual functions, holding the ability to transform whole landscapes and ecosystems. 'Water' includes exploring how trees impact flood risk, rainfall, and soil moisture. Guest podcaster Wallace Currie is joined by Ben Raskin, Head of Agroforestry at the Soil Association and co-organiser of the Agroforestry Show, who brings a wealth of knowledge about using trees effectively to manage extremes of water in a changing climate. Colin Tosh, Senior Agroforestry Researcher at the Organic Research Centre talks about his work modelling agroforestry systems to understand how trees impact water on farms through their influence on rainfall interception, soil characteristics, and microclimates. Vicki Hird, a lady of many hats, including being Strategic Lead on Agriculture at The Wildlife Trusts, touches on the challenges of water pollution caused by agriculture and sewage companies and how agroforestry can help tackle these issues, and talks about her work with lowland peat soils. Find out more about the series here. Explore the Agricology Agroforestry Hub here.

In the last episode of the series, plant ecologist Jonathan Storkey treats us to fascinating insights on biodiversity in production systems and soil microbial communities, emphasising how context is crucial when choosing your tillage approach. He shares his journey from birdwatching ecologist to leading weed scientist at Rothamsted Reseach, where he has been studying tillage and biodiversity interactions for over two decades. He dives into the concept of "functional biodiversity"- pollinators, predators, and microbes that support food production, and how tillage impacts those delicate systems. We explore the Rothamsted long-term systems trials, where contrasting tillage approaches across different soil types are revealing nuanced shifts in yield, weed pressure, soil carbon, and microbial succession. Jonathan explains how early-stage bacteria-dominated soils differ from more stable fungal systems, and how physical disturbance resets succession. He also explores glyphosate reliance (including glyphosate-resistant weeds), weed control trade-offs, IPM potential, and the resilience of different systems to extreme weather events.

In this episode with farmer John Pawsey, we talk about the role of tillage in organic systems, balancing weed and pest pressures, how regenerative overlaps with organic, and how diversity drives success. John shares his journey from conventional spraying to organic, mixed farming (over 25 years ago). He explains why he ploughs selectively (once or twice in a six-year rotation) and how organic farming pushes innovation through the limits of its standards. His approach is rooted in observation, adaptability, and profitability. We explore how he adjusts tillage depth based on weed type and the importance of bringing complexity into your rotation and not letting one problem dominate – in relation to weeds, pests and diseases. John reflects on reducing his sheep flock, soil health gains (now having up to 6% organic matter), and embracing Groundswell and regenerative ideas with an organic mindset. He describes a farming system built on context: some years min-till, others plough, all underpinned by leys, cover crops, and diversity in crops and drilling dates. His honesty about the learning curve, headspace shifts, and financial sustainability gives real-world clarity to the tillage debate.

The third episode of the series welcomes the Organic Research Centre's Julia Cooper who shares her expertise as a soil scientist. We look at soil health from a scientific perspective, focusing on nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and the nuanced role of tillage across different soil types and farming systems. Julia explains how soil health is context-specific, emphasising the importance of balancing biology, water management, and soil structure, rather than seeking one-size-fits-all solutions. We dive into how tillage affects water retention, soil productivity and microbial life, and discuss trade-offs between conventional and reduced tillage, looking at how practices such as direct drilling and cover cropping interact with climate and soil type, rather than existing as binary choices. We also touch on glyphosate versus plough-use in regenerative and organic systems, with Julia advocating for pragmatic, context-led decisions. Her insights offer a roadmap for farmers to make informed, resilient choices suited to their own land and goals...

This second episode with Mark Measures explores the role of tillage in organic systems, the misunderstood relationship between tillage and soil carbon, the balance between weed control and nutrient cycling, and how tillage fits into wider farming systems. Mark reflects on 40 years in organic advice, with deep roots in research, education, and farmer engagement. He argues that tillage, especially shallow and strategic, plays a crucial role in organic farming; not only for weed control and seedbed preperation, but also for stimulating nutrient release and building long-term stable carbon. He explores common misconceptions such as the oversimplified view that all tillage depletes soil organic matter, and explains that tillage can mineralise nutrients and stabilise humus, which is essential for carbon sequestration and water retention. He also challenges the belief that zero-till is the pinnacle of organic, pointing to climate and system-specific limitations. Mark advocates for strong rotations, fertility-building leys, and shallow, context-sensitive ploughing. He emphasises that tillage must be considered as part of a broader ecological, economic, and agronomic strategy - balanced, site-specific, and always evolving.

The first episode of our latest series introduces both Wallace Currie, guest podcaster from the Isle of Arran (search R2Kast), who will be chatting to guests throughout the series, and Cambridgeshire farmer Tom Martin. They discuss transitioning to no-till, the emotional and practical side of regenerative farming, redefining success through mistakes, and the value of community and biodiversity in agroecological systems. Tom shares his life journey from Universal Pictures to working back on the family farm, explaining how those soft skills transferred to his role as a regenerative farming advocate. The farm has gradually moved from full inversion tillage to almost no-till – driven by soil health, improving drainage and weed pressure, and a desire to farm more efficiently. The conversation explores how Tom integrates companion cropping, livestock grazing, and molasses and biochar to support the soil microbiome. Mimicking nature and context-driven change are key to his success and philosophy.

The penultimate episode of this season sees us in conversation with Dan Stevenson, the Head of Integrated Farm Management (IFM) at LEAF. Dan comes to this topic with nearly 20 years' experience as a farm animal vet. He discusses his veterinary background and the arc his career has followed; moving on to working with LEAF, and along the way starting to think more holistically about livestock production, with a focus on a whole systems approach. We explore the key role nutrition plays within livestock systems and finding the balance between nutrition and animal health. Further to this, Dan touches on mental health, we explore the challenges of adopting extensive systems, and the importance of setting objectives on farms to help support optimal carrying capacity.

We are joined by the Sustainable Food Trust's Senior Researcher Robert Barbour for our sixth episode of this season. Tune in to discussions surrounding methane, carbon footprints, and the complexities and challenges of measuring environmental impacts associated with livestock. Robert draws on his experiences as a researcher and his family farm (an upland beef and sheep farm that also produces timber in Highland Perthshire, just north of Pitlochry), to dive into the positive role livestock can play from a food systems and environmental perspective. He considers grazing strategies, livestock breeds, and the role herbal leys can play, whilst emphasising the productivity levels that can be achieved in pasture-based systems. He points out his family farm is running a system that has very low levels of inputs so what determines their carrying capacity is largely what the land can naturally support, and one limiting factor for them is a lack of early season grass growth.  Show notes: Explore the two papers by Hannah Van Zanten, the paper Robert wrote with Richard Young and Michael Wilkinson that looks at the production of meat and milk from grass, the Agricology profile of his family farm, and learn more about GWP and GWP* here: https://tinyurl.com/5dr8kv75