Subsea Cables Part II – Mind the Sharks

Welcome to the second of our two-part edition on underwater communications cables. Hugo Tarrida and John Salomon discuss the current threat environment facing global underwater data links, motivations of actors, legal frameworks protecting these cables, and more. Notes and Links: Due to the volume of supporting links and text, we've listed them on the CyAN blog, available here:  https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/2024/09/24/subsea-cables-part-ii-mind-the-sharks/ Hugo Tarrida on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hugo-tarrida-32915a204/ John Salomon on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsalomon/ Check out the rest of CyAN's media channels on https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/media - and visit us at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Original video at https://youtu.be/Q6v4d9E_ta0 Intro music courtesy of AlexiAction via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/alexiaction-26977400/ Outro music courtesy of Studio Kolomna via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/studiokolomna-2073170/ Episode artwork via Wikipedia Commons

Welcome to the first of our two-part episode on underwater communications cables. Hugo Tarrida and John Salomon discuss the history and current situation surrounding the world of undersea comms infrastructure, and try to get a grasp of threats to the data links under our oceans that are an integral part of both civilian and military capabilities. Notes and Links: Due to the volume of supporting links and text, we've listed them on the CyAN blog, available here:  https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/2024/09/10/subsea-cables-a-crunchy-target/ Hugo Tarrida on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hugo-tarrida-32915a204/ John Salomon on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsalomon/ Check out the rest of CyAN's media channels on https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/media - and visit us at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Original video at https://youtu.be/frhAL_EY-yw Intro music courtesy of AlexiAction via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/alexiaction-26977400/ Outro music courtesy of Studio Kolomna via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/studiokolomna-2073170/ Episode artwork via Wikipedia Commons

State of (CyberWar) Episode 6.1 Join Hugo Tarrida and John Salomon for the latest part of our Middle East cyberwarfare mini-series. We decided to split a more in-depth discussion about the two most capable actors in the region, Israel and Iran, into two half-episodes. Join us as we look at the organizations that make up Israeli cyberwarfare and -defense capabilities, the history of Israeli state-sponsored and state-aligned cyber campaigns, We also take a brief tour of Israeli media and social media operations, including information, propaganda, disinformation, and manipulation. If you haven't watched it yet, please consider checking out our first overview of the overall Middle East situation: https://youtu.be/X3wkTszRlck Notes and links: Because of the highly emotionally and politically charged nature of current events, we can't tell how impartial many of the websites describing Israeli capabilities are or aren't. We will thus stick to Wikipedia unless there's either an original Israeli government webpage available, or a source we feel is somewhat authoritative, even if it's biased - in any case, do your own homework and draw your own conclusions, we're not here to push a narrative. We have our own views and opinions of current events. This discussion is not intended to endorse or condemn any particular viewpoint. Neither of us speaks even a bit of Hebrew. We are thus at the mercy of translation engines and webpages in languages we understand. Your mileage may vary. 02:03 CFR overview of cyberwarfare capabilities: https://www.cfr.org/cyber-operations/ 02:50 Unit 8200: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_8200 03:05 Military Intelligence Directorate, aka Aman: https://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/directorates/military-intelligence-directorate/military-intelligence-directorate/ 03:57 Unit 81: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_81 05:01 Havatzalot: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havatzalot_Program - Google's horrible translation of the Hebrew wikipedia page indicates it's some kind of lily. Flowers are nice. 05:16 Talpiot: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talpiot_program - the name's apparently some biblical reference from Song of Songs 4:4 according to their LinkedIn page, that we can't figure out 06:55 Technion / Israel Institute of technology: https://www.technion.ac.il/ 06:56 Hebrew University of Jerusalem: https://en.huji.ac.il/ 07:30 IDF Information Security Department: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Security_Department - it's unclear whether it's the same as these guys: https://www.mitgaisim.idf.il/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D/cyber-protection-unit/ 07:40 Mamram: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamram - apparently an abbreviation of the Hebrew for "Center of Computing and Information Systems" 09:15 This may be the Israel Innovation Authority - https://innovationisrael.org.il/en/ - we're not 100% sure though 11:14 Stuxnet: https://www.wired.com/2014/11/countdown-to-zero-day-stuxnet/ 11:22 Specifically, Siemens PCS7, WinCC, and STEP7 control software, and various Siemens S7 programmable logic controllers (PLCs). 22:59 TAO: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations 12:16 We're going to assume you're capable of looking up Snowden and his revelations on your own 12:30 Stuxnet 2.0: https://cyware.com/news/stuxnet-20-iran-hit-by-new-more-aggressive-variant-of-powerful-industrial-control-malware-9d9c9a73 15:37 Duqu: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/media/news-items/duqu-analysis 15:38 Flame: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18238326 15:39 Duqu 2.0: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jun/11/duqu-20-computer-virus-with-traces-of-israeli-code-was-used-to-hack-iran-talks - the Guardian is one of the outlets that linked Duqu 2.0 to Israel 16:21 Kaspersky's Equation Group overview: https://www.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2015_equation-group-the-crown-creator-of-cyber-espionage 17:13 Some info on those particular negotiations: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-iran-nuclear-deal 17:45 The NY Times article: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/technology/kaspersky-lab-israel-russia-hacking.html 18:38 Correction: Iranian officials disconnected oil terminals themselves as a reactive measure. BBC reporting about initial attack - https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-17811565 - and followup: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18253331 19:44 Pegasus (NSO Group): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware) - interestingly, just after we finished this recording, there were reports of "fake" Pegasus variants for sale: https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/fake-pegasus-spyware-dark-web/ 20:16 Kaspersky on Flame: https://www.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2012_kaspersky-lab-experts-provide-in-depth-analysis-of-flame-s-c-c-infrastructure 20:51 NSO Group: https://www.nsogroup.com/ 21:18 Chrysaor: https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/chrysaor-android-spyware-app-smartphone-cameras-hack-photos-pegasus-google-a7666306.html 21:34 https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3927410,00.html 21:41 Should have dug just a little more: https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-watchdog-group-say-israeli-spyware-used-hack-civil-society-2023-04-11/ 22:33 Again the Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/03/over-200-spanish-mobile-numbers-possible-targets-pegasus-spyware 23:32 Start here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_War - see you in a few months 23:56 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/05/17/spain-blocks-ship-carrying-weapons-israel-gaza-war/ 24:09 This is a very contentious, and very open legal question. 24:21 (German link) https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/us-geheimdienst-nsa-forschte-merkel-umfassender-aus-als-bislang-bekannt-1.2876007 - caveat: it's Wikileaks. They have been known to have...issues. That said, the investigation was closed in 2015 due to insufficient evidence: https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/12/413866194/germany-closes-probe-into-alleged-u-s-hacking-of-merkels-phone - again, make of that what you will. 25:26 Predatory Sparrow/Gonjeshke Darande: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-62072480 (with bonus steel mill fire video and dramatic music). Wired article with timeline of attacks: https://www.wired.com/story/predatory-sparrow-cyberattack-timeline/ 25:54 https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/04/16/iran-israel-conflict-missile-attack-cyberattacks-warfare/ 28:50 https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/article-731636 - interestingly, a lot of the best investigative journalism exposing this kind of Israeli activity comes from the Jerusalem Post, Haaretz, and other Israeli news channels. Another story from Haaretz, and one from The Guardian on the topic 31:13 Very intelligently, we failed to note down the link to the specific story. Good job. But looking for idf manipulate social media site:haaretz.com yields a bonanza of articles on the topic. 31:51 Given Eurovision's colorful history of political controversies, we're not even going to start on this one...for the 2024 contest, there's numerous claims that the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs ran a campaign to influence audience voting - here's an article (in Hebrew, use the translation site of your choice) from Ynet: https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/sykjyhaza 32:36 For example, via the IDF Spokesperson's Unit International Media Branch: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDF_Spokesperson's_Unit. In fairness, a lot of government agencies / armed forces actively try to shape public perception through relationships with private sector channels. The US Defense Department's relationship is a very well documented example, with the Entertainment Media Office providing personnel and equipment to film productions that follow strict rules about how the US armed forces are portrayed: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2011-aug-21-la-ca-military-movies-20110821-story.html (Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%E2%80%93entertainment_complex). It's a safe assumption that most major militaries do not have just media and public relations teams, but actively cultivate contacts with journalists to try and influence their reporting. Bonus links from Hugo: https://www.disinfo.eu/israel-hamas-resource-hub/ - a list of resources surrounding disinformation in the Israel-Hamas conflict Our friends at Natto Thoughts on disinformation in the Mideast conflict: https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/mideast-crisis-and-russia-cyberspace The New York Times on fact hunting in the Israel-Hamas conflict: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/25/business/media/misinformation-fact-checking-israel-hamas.html Original video at https://youtu.be/KtshVacVwZ0 You can find CyAN's Secure-in-Mind YouTube channel at https://youtube.com/@cybersecadvisors - and of course, our videos about cyber conflict on the State of (Cyber)War playlist here. All of our episodes are also available in audio format on Apple iTunes, Amazon Audible, Podcast Republic, Spotify, and Libsyn - links on our Media page. Intro music courtesy of AlexiAction via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/alexiaction-26977400/ Outro music courtesy of Studio Kolomna via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/studiokolomna-2073170/

In today's conversation, Craig Rowland joins us to talk about the often overlooked significance of Linux as a key part of global communications and computing infrastructure, and discuss various types threats targeting Linux systems.   Malware, attackers, and techniques are often very distinct from those seen on Windows; Craig shares insights all of these from his extensive experience both writing and reverse-engineering Linux malware. Craig is CEO of Sandfly Security, a New Zealand-based provider of Linux threat behavior scanning tools.  Full disclosure:  John Salomon is a paid consultant to Sandfly Security. Notes from the video: 03:48 I can't find a source for the 95% figure, but a 2023 ZDNet article says 90%, which seems to be the most common figure:  https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-has-over-3-of-the-desktop-market-its-more-complicated-than-that/ 03:55 Percentage of top million websites running Linux is another interesting statistic, which seems to be well above 90%.  For example:  https://gitnux.org/linux-statistics/ 04:08 https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/the-flying-penguin-linux-in-flight-entertainment-systems-65541.html etc. etc. 05:54 France's Gendarmerie Nationale:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GendBuntu 06:40 https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-not-windows-why-munich-is-shifting-back-from-microsoft-to-open-source-again/ 14:10 A propos, F5 has some interesting ways of using web shells as an attack vector:  https://www.f5.com/labs/learning-center/web-shells-understanding-attackers-tools-and-techniques 14:40 "attacks on kubernetes" is a fun web search string.  Same for "attacks on S3 buckets".  Enjoy. 14:56 https://redis.io/solutions/messaging/ 15:42 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_Tuesday 17:40 To be fair, Bob in Accounting is a pretty powerful entry point to the organization for various types of cyberattackers. 19:35 Mirai botnet:  https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/glossary/mirai-botnet/ 19:37 NoaBot:  https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/mirai-based-noabot-crypto-mining 20:35 Chroot (change root directory):  https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/chroot 27:42 PuTTY:  https://www.putty.org/ 29:45 There are several cryptojackers that try to neutralize competing malware, e.g. ChaosRAT https://www.trendmicro.com/en_th/research/22/l/linux-cryptomining-enhanced-via-chaos-rat-.html or Jenkins https://www.f5.com/labs/articles/threat-intelligence/new-jenkins-campaign-hides-malware--kills-competing-crypto-miner 35:30 For example LockBit:  https://www.akamai.com/blog/security/learning-from-the-lockbit-takedown 35:37 My mistake - AvosLocker is also a Linux port of Windows malware:  https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/ransomware-spotlight/ransomware-spotlight-avoslocker - HiddenWasp may be a better example:  https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cyber-attacks/hiddenwasp-malware-targets-linux-systems-borrows-code-from-mirai-winnti 35:42 Diamorphine LKM rootkit:  https://github.com/m0nad/Diamorphine 36:44 https://core.vmware.com/esxi - an example is ESXiArgs ransomware:  https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-039a 38:42 Abuse.ch MalwareBazaar:  https://bazaar.abuse.ch/ 38:49 Fraunhofer FKIE Malpedia:  https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de 39:35 You could just run a Linux version of the virus aquarium:  https://xkcd.com/350/ 39:52 A few examples of VM detection:  https://www.cynet.com/attack-techniques-hands-on/malware-anti-vm-techniques/ 41:15 Joe Sandbox:  https://www.joesandbox.com/ 42:10 No I won't, because I can't find it.  Bit of Baader-Meinhof going on there... 42:59 https://www.youtube.com/@SandflySecurity Craig on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/craighrowland/ Sandfly Security:  https://sandflysecurity.com Check out the rest of CyAN's media channels on https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/media - and visit us at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Intro/outro music courtesy of Studio Kolomna via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/studiokolomna-2073170/ Original video available at https://youtu.be/W-7edx7Le6Y?si=NOoOy1kF3KiVOPUe

In today's episode of State of (Cyber)War, Hugo Tarrida and John Salomon talk about the background and current state of cyber conflict in the Middle East.   We give an overview of some of the major state actors involved, and zero in on the structures, groups, and motivations of the two main regional adversaries - Iran and Israel. Notes and links: Due to the volume of supporting links and text, we've listed them on the CyAN blog, available here:  https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/2024/04/10/state-of-cyberwar-episode-5-notes/ Original video episode avaialable at https://youtu.be/X3wkTszRlck Hugo Tarrida on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hugo-tarrida-32915a204/ John Salomon on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsalomon/ Check out the rest of CyAN's media channels on https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/media - and visit us at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Intro music courtesy of AlexiAction via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/alexiaction-26977400 Outro music courtesy of Studio Kolomna via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/studiokolomna-2073170  

In today's episode of State of (Cyber)War, Hugo Tarrida and John Salomon talk about China's approach to cyberwar.  What is the history behind Chinese cyber capabilities?  What are Chinese geopolitical, economic, and social objectives that drive their international cyber activities?  What are some of the biases that we should be aware of when evaluating the trajectory of China and its cyberwar abilities? Also don't forget to check out our previous video about Chinese disinformation activities here:  https://youtu.be/xBAJ2rBKrMc Notes and links: Hugo Tarrida on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hugo-tarrida-32915a204/ John Salomon on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsalomon/ Wikipedia article worth reading about Chinese cyber warfare:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberwarfare_by_China 05:42 Granted, Stuxnet was a joint US-Israeli venture - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet 07:06 https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-says-its-working-major-new-agreement-with-iran-2023-12-12/ 14:05 Titan Rain - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_Rain  Related:  Operation Aurora (2009) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Aurora 15:20 https://www.npr.org/2022/05/11/1098368201/a-spying-scandal-and-the-fate-of-western-sahara 17:07 The case of Wen Ho Lee, one of several perpetrators of military espionage:  https://sgp.fas.org/crs/nuke/RL30143.pdf 20:30 https://nattothoughts.substack.com - Nellie Ohr and her team do excellent analysis work 20:50 "An Analysis of China's Great Cannon" - https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/foci15/foci15-paper-marczak.pdf  Shoutout to fellow UC Berkeley CSUA member Nick Weaver for co-authoring this paper) 27:48 E.g. "The 'Century of Humiliation' and China's National Narratives" - https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/3.10.11Kaufman.pdf 29:42 Belt and Road Initiative - https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative 32:38 Referenced here:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare ("Definitions" section) 32:45 The Three Warfares:  https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADB372300.pdf 34:04 The Nine-Dash Line:  https://chinaus-icas.org/research/map-spotlight-nine-dash-line/ 34:52 In fact, ruled to be explicitly illegal by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 2016:  https://pca-cpa.org/en/news/pca-press-release-the-south-china-sea-arbitration-the-republic-of-the-philippines-v-the-peoples-republic-of-china/ 36:19 US FBI director Christopher Wray recently warned about this:  https://www.npr.org/2024/01/31/1228153857/wray-chinese-hackers-national-security The State of (Cyber)War is a project by members of the Cybersecurity Advisors Network (CyAN), with an interest in information security topics relevant to geopolitics, military cyberdefence, diplomacy, and other international topics.  We discuss various aspects of both current and past issues from the point of view of interested amateurs with varying degrees of experience in the field, in a not-always-entirely-serious format.   Visit the Cybersecurity Advisors Network at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Intro music courtesy of AlexiAction via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/alexiaction-26977400/ Outro music courtesy of Studio Kolomna via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/studiokolomna-2073170/ Original YouTube video at https://youtu.be/HLVPDojARh0

Join James Briscoe and John Salomon in the latest episode of the State of (Cyber)War podcast as they discuss the People's Republic of China and some of its disinformation capabilities. This informal conversation includes discussion about Chinese foreign election interference, domestic social media manipulation, Taiwan, China's foreign political and economic interests and more.   John Salomon - https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsalomon/ James Briscoe - https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimbriscoe/ 02:10 Xi Jinping's new year's address, via CCTV:  https://youtu.be/TEd3CtcL1pU?si=MAiKGP-SPjm8cjCe 02:50 Xi Zhongxun, Chinese revolutionary leader:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun 04:00 Taiwanese elections 2024:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Taiwanese_general_election 04:08 Kuomintang:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuomintang 04:27 Democratic Progressive Party:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party 05:45 1992 Consensus:  https://thediplomat.com/2022/07/the-1992-consensus-why-it-worked-and-why-it-fell-apart/ 07:15 These are the Valemax ore carriers:  https://vale.com/w/fleet-of-ships-serving-vale-receives-first-ore-carrier-in-the-world-equipped-with-rotor-sails 09:12 50 Cent Party:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Cent_Party 09:52 Nine-dotted line:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-dash_line 10:04 Belt and Road Initiative:  https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative 13:00 https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSIN277923/ 13:43 NY Times article on the topic:  https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/11/us/politics/china-disinformation-ai.html 14:15 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident 14:42 A lot of this is obviously speculation.  https://www.wired.com/story/east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment-tiktok/ 16:42 Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank:  https://www.aiib.org/en/index.html 19:35 An article about PRC influence on the Taiwanese elections:  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/09/taiwan-presidential-election-china-influence 20:32 https://www.npr.org/2023/11/30/1215898523/meta-warns-china-online-social-media-influence-operations-facebook-elections 21:05 A US State Department briefing on this topic:  https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/how-the-prc-amplifies-russian-disinformation 24:15 United Front Work Department:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department 26:25 Some points about interference in US elections:  https://gdil.org/russian-and-chinese-influence-actors-and-operations-against-the-american-electorate/ 29:34 Hundred Years of Humiliation:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_of_humiliation 30:30 The Avoidable War, by Kevin Rudd:  https://www.avoidablewar.com/ 32:23 Natto Thoughts:  https://nattothoughts.substack.com/ 32:26 The disinformation handbook (part I):  https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise A few links on the topic worth reading: Chinese information operations against Taiwan: https://therecord.media/taiwan-elections-china-interference https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/09/taiwan-presidential-election-china-influence https://thediplomat.com/2024/01/beijing-tries-to-capitalize-on-taiwans-controversial-rocket-alert/ https://thediplomat.com/2024/01/rip-off-the-blindfold-let-taiwanese-civil-society-learn-from-ukraine/ https://fpri.org/article/2023/12/whats-at-stake-in-upcoming-taiwan-election/ General Chinese disinfo operations: https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2023/10/dismantling-the-disinformation-business-of-chinese.html https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/joint-capabilities/13356-report-massive-chinese-disinformation-campaign-uncovered-on-youtube https://medium.com/doublethinklab/propaganda-analysis-how-different-actors-in-chinas-information-ecosystem-portray-the-ukraine-war-ac82713c2f68 https://www.npr.org/2023/11/30/1215898523/meta-warns-china-online-social-media-influence-operations-facebook-elections The State of (Cyber)War is a project by members of the Cybersecurity Advisors Network (CyAN), with an interest in information security topics relevant to geopolitics, military cyberdefence, diplomacy, and other international topics.  We discuss various aspects of both current and past issues from the point of view of interested amateurs with varying degrees of experience in the field, in a not-always-entirely-serious format.   Visit the Cybersecurity Advisors Network at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Intro music courtesy of AlexiAction via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/alexiaction-26977400/ Outro music courtesy of Studio Kolomna via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/studiokolomna-2073170/ Original YouTube video at https://youtu.be/xBAJ2rBKrMc

Welcome to episode 2 of CyAN's State of (Cyber) War series. Today, James Briscoe and John Salomon talk about Japan - its national cyberdefence capabilities, the regional and global threat landscape, regulations and laws, and how all of these are evolving in the face of changing geopolitical realities and technologies. A few notes from our chat: 02:25 US-Japan 1960 joint security treaty:  https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/n-america/us/q&a/ref/1.html 02:37 Article 9 Japanese constitution:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_9_of_the_Japanese_Constitution 02:45 SCAP:  Supreme commander allied powers 02:58 Japan Self Defense Forces:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces 05:01 2019 US-Japan security treaty update:  https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000470738.pdf 06:54 national security strategy end of 2022:  https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/siryou/221216anzenhoshou/nss-e.pdf 08:14 Lazarus Group:  https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/9/us-japan-south-korea-launch-new-efforts-to-counter-n-korea-cyber-threats 10:35 Lazarus Group's cryptocurrency thefts:  https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2023/12/01/north-korean-hackers-lazarus-group-stolen-3b-in-cryptocurrency/ 11:29 https://www.dragonflyintelligence.com/news/japan-shift-to-a-more-offensive-cyber-posture-in-2023/ 11:35 https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Japan-to-quadruple-cyber-defense-forces-meeting-threats-head-on 12:47 The 2016 revision in question:  https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000143304.pdf 13:37 The spending increase to 2% request:  https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/japan-makes-record-defence-spending-request-amid-tension-with-china-2023-08-31/ 13:59 It's actually 2% as well:  https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2023/07/03/defence-spending-sustaining-the-effort-in-the-long-term/index.html 14:39 CCDCOE:  https://ccdcoe.org/ 14:46 Locked Shields exercise:  https://ccdcoe.org/exercises/locked-shields/ 15:33 The official in question was former US Director of National Intelligence Dennis Blair:  https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/political-series/20221122-72394/ 16:05 The Japanese National Security Strategy allows for development of a posture for information warfare and introduction of active cyber defence in cybersecurity. It will create a government information warfare department, allowing government to aggregate and analyze the situation on disinformation originated abroad.  The National Center for Incident Readiness and Strategy for Cybersecurity is to be restructured to establish an new organisation to coordinate policies between the police and JSDF. This will allow for active cyber defence against attackers. Training for 4000 cyber ‘warriors’ and 16k cyber-capable JSDF members over 5 years is also foreseen.  The Ministry of Foreign Affairs plans AI to enhance monitoring of information and intelligence analysis. Furthermore, defence industry profit margin will be permitted to increase to a max of 15%. 16:45 The Nagoya port ransomware attack of July 2023:  https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-06/nagoya-port-delays-restart-following-alleged-ransomware-attack 17:10 The Chinese cyberattack on the Japanese defence network:   https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/08/08/japan/japan-china-hack-defense-network/ - WaPo article:  https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/08/07/china-japan-hack-pentagon/ 17:23 KillNet ceases attacks on Japan:  https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/09/9846d4bf7aee-pro-russia-hacker-group-stops-cyberattacks-on-japan-due-to-money-woes.html 20:17 2023 Amendments to Telecommunications Business Act:  https://www.dataguidance.com/news/japan-amendments-telecommunications-business-act-enter 20:20 Unauthorized Computer Access Law (UCAL):  https://iclg.com/practice-areas/cybersecurity-laws-and-regulations/japan James Briscoe on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimbriscoe/ John Salomon on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsalomon/ Check out the rest of CyAN's media channels on https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/media - and visit us at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Original YouTube video version:  https://youtu.be/Fmuno8ohJPs Intro/outro music courtesy of AlexiAction via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/alexiaction-26977400/    

Welcome to episode 1 of CyAN's new State of (Cyber) War series. Join John Salomon and James Briscoe in a discussion of offensive cyberoperations involving Russian actors, parallels to historical attacks on civilians, expectations and limitations of information operations, and more. A few notes from our chat: 05:10  James' research paper on Russia/Ukraine:  https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6899132398601162752/ 05:30  Conti ransomware group:  https://flashpoint.io/blog/history-of-conti-ransomware/ 08:55  2016 Ukraine power grid attacks:  https://www.wired.com/story/russia-ukraine-cyberattack-power-grid-blackout-destruction/ 11:15  Stuxnet:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet 12:47  James' follow-up work: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6944843584533581824/ 14:35  The Dukes:  https://www.cfr.org/cyber-operations/dukes  Cozy Bear:  https://www.crowdstrike.com/adversaries/cozy-bear/  NotPetya:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks 18:32  Lazarus Group:  https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/pl/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/a-look-into-the-lazarus-groups-operations 20:11  2022 Yandex Moscow taxi hack:  https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/09/02/gridlock-as-hackers-order-hundreds-of-taxis-to-same-place-in-moscow 20:25  2023 GUR Russian state tax service hack:  https://therecord.media/ukraine-intelligence-claims-attack-on-russia-tax-service 23:22  2022 Belarus railway hack:  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/25/cyberpartisans-hack-belarusian-railway-to-disrupt-russian-buildup 24:04  Alexander Lukashenko and the Ukraine invasion map:  https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/lukashenko-ukraine-russia-belarus-invasion-map-b2026440.html 25:23  Syrian Electronic Army:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Electronic_Army 29:03  Momotarō no Umiwashi came out in 1942:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momotar%C5%8D_no_Umiwashi Original YouTube video is at https://youtu.be/VlP_L3xX2Lo James Briscoe on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimbriscoe/ John Salomon on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsalomon/ Check out the rest of CyAN's media channels on https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/media - and visit us at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Intro/outro music courtesy of AlexiAction via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/alexiaction-26977400/

Juan Ignacio Nicolossi, PRODAFT Team Leader for threat intelligence, joins us today from Chile to discuss the Snatch ransomware group.  Active since mid-2018, Snatch has caused havoc in a variety of companies and government agencies.   In this episode, we discuss Snatch's techniques, the significance of how they use stolen information, and how their approach to what's important to customers means for the future of extortion.   CISA #StopRansomware Snatch advisory:  https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/joint-cybersecurity-advisory-stopransomware-snatch-ransomware_0.pdf Ransomlook.io Snatch profile:  https://www.ransomlook.io/group/snatch ALPHV (BlackCat) regulatory extortion article:  https://www.darkreading.com/risk/alphv-ransomware-group-files-sec-complaint-against-own-victim PRODAFT is a Netherlands-based cyber-threat intelligence analysis firm - their website is at https://prodaft.com Full disclosure:  John Salomon is a paid, part-time advisor to PRODAFT.   Juan Nicolossi's LinkedIn profile is at https://www.linkedin.com/in/juan-ignacio-nicolossi-baeza-286b035a/ Check out the rest of CyAN's media channels on https://cybersecurityadvisors.network/media - and visit us at https://cybersecurityadvisors.network Intro/outro music courtesy of Studio Kolomna via Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/users/studiokolomna-2073170/ Original video version at https://youtu.be/g5yiScRofxU