Bite-Sized Medicine

In this episode we talk about acne, which is a common skin disorder characterized by inflammation of plugged pilosebaceous units. We explore underlying mechanisms of acne in connection to food, and we talk about which foods may or may not affect your risk of getting acne.  Resources Meixiong J, Ricco C, Vasavda C, Ho BK. Diet and acne: A systematic review. JAAD Int. 2022;7:97-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2022.02.012 Dall’Oglio F, Nasca MR, Fiorentini F, Micali G. Diet and acne: review of the evidence from 2009 to 2020. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60:672-685. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15390 Conforti C, Agozzino M, Emendato G, et al. Acne and diet: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2021. Online ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15862 Bertolani M, Rodighiero E, Saleri R, et al. The influence of Mediterranean diet in acne pathogenesis and the correlation with insulin-like growth factor-1 serum levels: Implicants and results. Dermatol Rep. 2022;14:9143. https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2022.9143 Podgórska A, Puścion-Jakubik A, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Gromkowska-Kępka KJ, Socha K. Acne Vulgaris and Intake of Selected Dietary Nutrients–A Summary of Information. Healthcare. 2021;9,668. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060668 Eichenfield DZ, Sprague J, Eichenfield LF. Management of Acne Vulgaris: A Review. JAMA. 2021;326(20):2055–2067. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17633 Supported by the Innovation Studio at the Ohio State University

Today we discuss food allergies! We cover symptoms of food allergies, how to re-introduce foods into a child's diet, and new therapies in the realm of food allergies Resources Peters RL, Krawiec M, Koplin JJ, Santos AF. Update on food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021;32-647-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13443 Onyimba F, Crowe SE, Johnson S, Leung J. Food Allergies and Intolerances: A Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Adverse Reactions to Food. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:2230-2240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2021.01.025 Tedner SG, Asarnoj A, Thulin H, Westman M, Konradsen JR, Nilsson C. Food allergy and hypersensitivity reactions in children and adults–A review. J Int Med. 2021,0;1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13422 Gargano D, Appanna R, Santonicola A, et al. Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns. Nutrients. 2021;13:1638. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051638 Engel ML, Bunning BJ. The Unmet Needs of Patients with Food Allergies. Immunol Allergy Clin N Am. 2021;41:321-330. Michelet M, Balbino B, Guilleminault L, Reber LL. IgE in the pathophysiology and therapy of food allergy. Eur J Immunol. 2021;51:531-543. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.202048833 Fiocchi A, Vickery BP, Wood RA, Thes use of biologics in food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2021;51:1006-1018. https://10.1111/cea.13897 Supported by the Innovation Studio at the Ohio State University

In this episode we cover green tea, discussing whether the evidence points to any truth behind its purported health benefits. Highlights include studies on green tea and blood pressure, inflammation, cancer mortality, and more. Enjoy!  References: Xu, R., Yang, K., Ding, J., & Chen, G. (2020). Effect of green tea supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine, 99(6), e19047. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000019047 Xu, R., Yang, K., Li, S., Dai, M., & Chen, G. (2020). Effect of green tea consumption on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition journal, 19(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-020-00557-5 Lin, Y., Shi, D., Su, B., Wei, J., Găman, M. A., Sedanur Macit, M., Borges do Nascimento, I. J., & Guimaraes, N. S. (2020). The effect of green tea supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 34(10), 2459–2470. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6697 Asbaghi, O., Fouladvand, F., Gonzalez, M. J., Aghamohammadi, V., Choghakhori, R., & Abbasnezhad, A. (2021). Effect of Green Tea on Anthropometric Indices and Body Composition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Effekt von grünem Tee auf anthropometrische Indizes und die Körperzusammensetzung bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2: eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse. Complementary medicine research, 28(3), 244–251. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511665 Asbaghi, O., Fouladvand, F., Gonzalez, M. J., Ashtary-Larky, D., Choghakhori, R., & Abbasnezhad, A. (2021). Effect of green tea on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 15(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.004 Haghighatdoost, F., & Hariri, M. (2019). The effect of green tea on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 33(9), 2274–2287. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6432 Filippini, T., Malavolti, M., Borrelli, F., Izzo, A. A., Fairweather-Tait, S. J., Horneber, M., & Vinceti, M. (2020). Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 3(3), CD005004. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005004.pub3 Yu, S., Zhu, L., Wang, K., Yan, Y., He, J., & Ren, Y. (2019). Green tea consumption and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis of case-control studies. Medicine, 98(27), e16147. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016147 Zhao, H., Mei, K., Yang, L., Liu, X., & Xie, L. (2021). Green tea consumption and risk for esophageal cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 87-88, 111197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111197 Awortwe, C., Bruckmueller, H., & Cascorbi, I. (2019). Interaction of herbal products with prescribed medications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacological research, 141, 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.028 Supported by the Innovation Studio at the Ohio State University

In this episode we interview Phil Anjum, a member of the Bite Sized Medicine crew and The Ohio State University College of Medicine Class of 2022. Phil earned his bachelor's in biomolecular science and film at University of Michigan and plans to pursue primary care after graduation from medical school. During the interview, we talk about Phil's contributions to the Bite Sized Medicine podcast and connecting with patients about nutrition.

In this episode we discuss intermittent fasting in further detail. Highlights from this episode include a review of metabolism and insulin sensitivity, a breakdown of a recent New England Journal of Medicine article reviewing The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease, and the effects of caloric restriction on your health.  Here is the link to the first episode: https://anchor.fm/bite-sizedmedicine/episodes/Intermittent-Fasting-e3tcvq  References: de Cabo, R., & Mattson, M. P. (2019). Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 381(26), 2541–2551. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1905136 https://www.bluezones.com/exploration/okinawa-japan/ Akisaka, M., L. Asato, Y. C. Chan, M. Suzuki, T. Uezato, and S. Uamamoto. “Energy and Nutrient Intakes of Okinawan Centenarians.” Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (June 1996), 241–48.

In this episode we discuss different types of protein intake, the advantages and disadvantages of high protein diets, and the optimal amount of protein consumption for different age groups. As always, consult a dietitian to find healthy, affordable, and easy ways to incorporate a wide variety of protein sources, especially if you have other chronic health issues. References Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. Section 3.1, Proteins Are Built from a Repertoire of 20 Amino Acids. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22379/ National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on the Tenth Edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1989. 6, Protein and Amino Acids. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234922/ Protein | The Nutrition Source | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2020, from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/protein/ Weigle DS, Breen PA, Matthys CC, et al. A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(1):41-48. doi:10.1093/ajcn.82.1.41 Mikkelsen PB, Toubro S, Astrup A.Effect of fat-reduced diets on 24-h energy expenditure: comparisons between animal protein, vegetable protein, and carbohydrate. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:1135-41 Nehete JY, Bhambar RS, Narkhede MR, Gawali SR. Natural proteins: Sources, isolation, characterization and applications. Pharmacogn Rev. 2013;7(14):107-116. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.120508 Phillips SM, Van Loon LJ. Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation. J Sports Sci. 2011;29 Suppl 1:S29-S38. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.619204 Lonnie M, Hooker E, Brunstrom JM, et al. Protein for Life: Review of Optimal Protein Intake, Sustainable Dietary Sources and the Effect on Appetite in Ageing Adults. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):360. Published 2018 Mar 16. doi:10.3390/nu10030360 Rajavel Elango, Mohammad A Humayun, Ronald O Ball, Paul B Pencharz, Protein requirement of healthy school-age children determined by the indicator amino acid oxidation method, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 94, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 1545–1552, https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.012815 Delimaris I. Adverse Effects Associated with Protein Intake above the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Adults. ISRN Nutr. 2013;2013:126929. Published 2013 Jul 18. doi:10.5402/2013/126929 Supported by the Innovation Studio at the Ohio State University

Today, we will be discussing saturated fats. Did you know that the term “saturated fat” is actually a category containing fats of many carbon lengths? Articles/references Elsevier. "Not all saturated fats are equal when it comes to heart health: Cardiovascular risk of diets rich in saturated fats found in meats and the benefits of plant-based and dairy alternatives." ScienceDaily. 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190128105230.htm>. Praagman, Jaike et al. “Consumption of individual saturated fatty acids and the risk of myocardial infarction in a UK and a Danish cohort.” International Journal of Cardiology, Volume 279, 18-26. 2019.

In this episode we interview Dan Sosh, who is currently a medical student at the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Class of 2022.  Dan earned his bachelor's in food science and technology at Ohio State and plans to pursue dermatology after graduation from medical school.  During the interview, we talk about the journey to medicine, intersections between food and health, and connecting with patients about food.

In this episode we discuss dietary supplements, an industry that was worth over 123 billion dollars in 2019, and we discuss examples such as St John's Wart and L-Tryptophan.  References https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/29300341/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S024886631401114X?via%3Dihub https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13643-016-0325-2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30396607/ Natural Medicines links (must be accessed through Ohio State University website): https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/food,-herbs-supplements/professional.aspx?productid=329 https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/food,-herbs-supplements/professional.aspx?productid=981 https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/food,-herbs-supplements/professional.aspx?productid=967 https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/food,-herbs-supplements/professional.aspx?productid=662

Today we discuss coconut oil: the benefits, risks, and usages of the popular food trend that has seemingly taken the wellness world by storm within the past few years. References: Abbasi J. Coconut Oil’s Health Halo a Mirage, Clinical Trials Suggest. JAMA. 2020;323(16):1540–1541. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5186 Clegg, M. They say coconut oil can aid weight loss, but can it really?. Eur J Clin Nutr 71, 1139–1143 (2017). https://doi-org.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/10.1038/ejcn.2017.86 Khaw, K.-T., Sharp, S. J., Finikarides, L., Afzal, I., Lentjes, M., Luben, R., & Forouhi, N. G. (2018). Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. BMJ Open, 8(3). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020167 Quealy, K., & Sanger-katz, M. (2016). Is Sushi 'Healthy'? What About Granola? Where Americans and Nutritionists Disagree. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/05/upshot/is-sushi-healthy-what-about-granola-where-americans-and-nutritionists-disagree.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region®ion&WT.nav=top-news&_r=1