Regulatory Ramblings

Episode #67 with Nigel Morris-Cotterill, Oonagh van den Berg and Malcolm NanceIn this episode of Regulatory Ramblings, the panel tackles the Trump administration’s controversial move to suspend enforcement of the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA)—a key anti-money laundering (AML) initiative passed under the Biden administration. The decision, announced by the U.S. Treasury Department in early March, stated that it would halt all penalties and fines associated with beneficial ownership information reporting under current regulatory deadlines. Crucially, it also confirmed that no penalties would apply even after forthcoming rule changes take effect—effectively dismantling the mechanism meant to expose the real owners of shell companies.The net result: the U.S. government will no longer require shell companies to disclose their beneficial owners, allowing wealthy individuals and corporations to hide their profits from public scrutiny. The CTA, passed in 2021, had required companies to submit ownership data to FinCEN (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network) as a means to tackle tax evasion and corporate cronyism. The rule's enforcement had already been frozen by a federal court order. Reacting to the Treasury’s announcement, President Donald Trump took to Truth Social, calling the CTA “an absolute disaster for Small Businesses Nationwide” and celebrating the suspension of what he described as “the economic menace” of beneficial ownership reporting.This episode’s Spotlight segment features returning guest Nigel Morris-Cotterill, a renowned expert in counter-money laundering and financial crime compliance. He breaks down why the term “beneficial ownership” is a legal misnomer in corporate law and argues that the CTA was always set up to fail—especially in a country like the U.S. that has historically resisted full FATF compliance. Nigel discusses how this rollback affects compliance expectations in Asia-Pacific financial hubs like Hong Kong and Singapore, stressing that legal and compliance professionals in the region must remain vigilant. He also cautions that the rollback creates tension between U.S. and local AML standards, while selective extraterritorial enforcement by the U.S. is all but guaranteed.Joining the discussion, Malcolm Nance and Oonagh Van den Berg weigh in on the global implications of the move. They explore whether this rollback represents a temporary pause for regulatory review or a tectonic shift in the U.S.’s approach to corporate accountability, transparency, and AML enforcement. Oonagh underscores that while the CTA imposed real burdens on SMEs, the abandonment of enforcement could signal a broader retreat from anti-corruption efforts—especially as the Trump administration also moves to suspend the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and disband units focused on fighting kleptocracy.Together, the panel explores pressing questions: Will deregulation lead to more illicit finance? Is this the start of a new multipolar world order where financial crime enforcement becomes political and transactional? They touch on how trade-based money laundering, sanctions evasion, and the exploitation of legacy systems like hawala continue to pose massive risks to financial systems.The conversation ends with a consensus that blanket deregulation is not the answer. Instead, they call for smarter, more risk-based, tech-enabled regulation that moves beyond box-ticking and uses modern tools—like AI and data analytics—to target the real threats. It’s a sobering yet thought-provoking discussion on what may be the beginning of a global recalibration in financial crime compliance.HKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

Episode #66 with Henri Arslanian (Nine Blocks Capital Management) and Andrew Fei (King & Wood Mallesons)This episode opens with Andrew Fei discussing recent US crypto regulatory developments. Then, Henri Arslanian, a leading voice in global crypto circles, shares his insights on the Trump administration’s decision to establish a cryptocurrency strategic reserve made up of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, XRP, and Cardano. “This really may start paving the way for other countries to look at potentially acquiring Bitcoin as part of their strategic… their own basket of reserves,” he said, referring to the ripple effect the U.S. reserve move could have on global sovereign crypto adoption. In the Spotlight segment, Andrew discusses with Regulatory Ramblings host, Ajay Shamdasani, the implications of recent US regulatory developments for Asia, the Mideast, the rest of the world such as the GENIUS Act and the recent White House Crypto Summit in Washington, DC. Henri then shares his thoughts on the Trump administration’s decision to create a reserve composed of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, XRP, and Cardano. While acknowledging it is a significant step forward for crypto, he said the move is not without criticism because it begs the question why certain virtual assets were chosen for the reserve and not others. Reflecting on the 2024 US Presidential Election, Henri stressed that concerns over which party would be friendlier to the industry was partly why the recent US presential election swung in Donald Trump’s favor because for many single-issue voters, the future of digital currencies was their paramount concern. In that sense, it could be said that 2024 was the election that the crypto bros bought.   Henri also shares his thoughts on what it means for the rest of the world if the US creates its own crypto reserve, stating the entry of institutional and sovereign players hints at a more distributed global adoption trend.  While the idea of a strategic reserve for critical assets or commodities is not new, it is curious as to why President Trump did so now when he was vehemently against crypto during his first term (2017-21). The popular press has suggested that Silicon Valley power players such as Peter Theil, Marc Andreessen and Elon Musk helped Trump change his mind and brought him around to the cause. As Henri himself wrote in a recent piece on LinkedIn: “We should expect criticism—rightly so—regarding how the included coins were selected for this reserve. Bitcoin makes complete sense. One could also argue for ETH and perhaps SOL. However, the inclusion of XRP and ADA will likely be questioned.”  Additionally, Solana and Ethereum are two platforms used by many American firms including important companies like Visa and Blackrock.  As Henri noted in his recent article, the presidential action prohibited the purchase of additional crypto without a specific executive or legislative action. Simply put: “the U.S. is not going to buy new Bitcoin but rather keep the 200,000 BTC it already holds mainly via the seizure of Silk Road assets and the recovery of the Bitfinex hack.” Moreover, mainland China purportedly holds around 190,000 Bitcoin, primarily acquired through its 2019 seizure from the PlusToken ponzi scheme, and the UK allegedly owns 60,000 seized Bitcoin. For more about our guests, please visit: www.hkufintech.com/regulatoryramblingsHKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

Episode #65 with Tom Fox & Malcolm Nance, plus Philip Rohlik This episode is devoted to discussing the recent executive order signed by US President Donald J. Trump instructing the Department of Justice to halt enforcement of the decades old, much-dreaded Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) pending a one-year review. In our initial “Regulatory Ramblings Spotlight” segment, we speak with Philip Rohlik, an American attorney in mainland China with the law firm Debevoise & Plimpton to get a sense of what the president’s decision means for Hong Kong and the broader Asia-Pacific. Following that, we have a lengthier chat on the global implications of President’s Trump’s move with Tom Fox, a veteran compliance and anti-corruption lawyer, noted FCPA specialist and podcaster, as well as Malcolm Nance, a former US naval intelligence officer, counterterrorism specialist and author. About the guests. Philip Rohlik is a counsel in the Shanghai office of Debevoise & Plimpton LLP. He is a member of the firm’s White Collar & Regulatory Defense and International Dispute Resolution Groups whose practice focuses on international investigations, securities law and dispute resolution. He is recognized by “The Legal 500 Asia Pacific – Greater China” (2024-2025) for his anti-corruption and compliance practice and has been described as “very thorough and hands on," and "excellent investigation lawyer". Based in Asia since 2011, Philip leads the firm’s dispute resolution team in Shanghai. He joined Debevoise in 2000, having received his J.D. magna cum laude from the New York University School of Law that same year. He received a B.A. summa cum laude with honors from St. Louis University in 1997. Tom Fox is based in West Texas and a prominent member of the compliance community and one of the most well-known legal practitioners when it comes to the FCPA. Over the past 15 years, he has been a general counsel and chief compliance officer. He is now an independent consultant, assisting companies with anti-corruption, anti-bribery compliance, and international transaction issues. He is also the author of the award-winning FCPA Compliance and Ethics Blog and the international best-selling book “Lessons Learned on Compliance and Ethics.” His podcasts have won numerous w3, Davey, Communicator, and Webby awards for podcasting excellence. Tom is the author of the seminal text “The Compliance Handbook,” now in its 5th edition published by LexisNexis. In addition to his blog and podcast, he is a columnist for “Corporate Compliance Insights” and a contributing editor to the “FCPA Blog.” He is a well-known and frequent speaker on compliance and ethics issues, social media use, and corporate leadership. In the interests of full disclosure, Tom is founder of the Compliance Podcast Network which also carries this program. Malcolm Nance is based in upstate New York. He was a 20-year veteran of the US Navy where he was an intelligence officer and cryptographer, and a Russian and Arab language specialist. In his capacity as a master chief, he was responsible for discipline all throughout the ranks. He is best known for his appearances on MSNBC where he warned about Russian interference in the run up to the 2016 and 2020 US Presidential elections. Malcolm is also a best-selling author – with his books “The Plot to Hack America,” “The Plot to Destroy Democracy,” “The Plot to Betray America” and most recently “They Want to Kill Americans” – all of which are well worth reading. Given the radical actions of the second Trump administration, his two most recent books seem eerily prescient. HKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

With guests Dr. Inna Amesheva (ESG Book) and Janet Ledger (Commuity Business)In time for International Women’s Day on March 8th, Dr. Inna Amesheva and Janet Ledger explore the evolving role of ESG in regulation and inclusion. Dr. Amesheva, Head of ESG Regulatory Solutions at ESG Book, examines Europe’s push to simplify ESG rules, while Janet Ledger, CEO of Community Business, highlights how ESG drives diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) despite growing political backlash.As companies navigate complex ESG regulations and rising calls for transparency, this episode examines the balance between reducing compliance burdens and maintaining sustainability standards.The Omnibus Proposal: Simplifying ESG or Scaling Back Standards?Dr. Inna Amesheva deep dives into the EU Omnibus Proposal, an initiative aiming to streamline ESG compliance by consolidating frameworks like the EU Taxonomy and CSRD. The proposal could reduce corporate reporting burdens by 33%, but critics argue it may weaken sustainability standards.What’s driving this shift? Political and economic factors, including macroeconomic pressures and the impact of recent U.S. elections, are influencing the European Commission’s stance on ESG.The discussion also touches on making some ESG metrics voluntary—a move that could ease compliance but raise transparency concerns. Additionally, changes to the Green Asset Ratio (GAR) could allow banks to use estimation models for non-European companies, potentially improving global ESG alignment but also sparking debate over data reliability and consistency.ESG as a Driver for DEIShifting to ESG’s role in workplace inclusion, Janet Ledger shares her journey from working-class Australia to leadership in Hong Kong, emphasizing the strong link between ESG and DEI.She explains how the social and governance pillars of ESG—covering workforce diversity, human rights, and board transparency—directly support DEI objectives. Companies that integrate both ESG and DEI tend to see stronger reputations, better talent retention, and competitive advantages.Examples like mandated pay equity reporting in Australia and board diversity requirements illustrate how ESG frameworks can drive meaningful change. However, Janet warns against box-ticking approaches, stressing that genuine commitment and measurable action are key.Navigating Backlash and Staying the CourseWith ESG and DEI facing increasing political scrutiny, some critics dismiss them as “woke capitalism.” Despite this, younger employees and investors prioritize ESG-driven companies, seeing them as essential for long-term success.Janet underscores the need for fact-based, rational communication to counter misinformation. She encourages businesses to stay the course, emphasizing that ethical business practices benefit all—driving performance, innovation, and societal progress.The Regulatory Ramblings podcast is brought to you by The University of Hong Kong's Reg/Tech Lab (Building Better Financial Systems), HKU-SCF FinTech Academy, Asia Global Institute, and HKU-edX Professional Certificate in FinTech, with support from HKU Law. The program is led by Douglas Arner and hosted by Ajay Shamdasani. For more details and links, please visit: www.hkufintech.com/regulatoryramblingsHKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

With guests Raoul Montgomery, Kirsty Crean, and Brian CheungAs the theme of this episode is compliance, we first hear from Raoul Montgomery and Kirsty Crean of executive search and recruitment firm Arion House in Hong Kong about hiring trends in the legal and compliance space post-Chinese New Year. Hiring in Compliance & Legal: What’s Driving the Surge in 2025? Raoul & Kirsty share the areas in which the financial sector is hiring – with insurance and crypto-compliance being key drivers for of employment. Kirsty and Raoul also share their thoughts on the degree to which firms are hiring legal and compliance staff at more senior levels versus more middle to junior ranks. Indications are that some banking and financial institutions and multinational corporations more broadly are moving more towards retainment mode. That is evidenced by the hiring freezes at some banks in the region. The conversation concludes with what it takes to be a good compliance officer – beyond just knowing the rules, regulations and general knowledge of the sector one seeks employment in. As our guests make clear that while a legal or accounting degree and/or experience will always put one in good stead, in-house/general counsel and compliance officers need soft skills, too.  Inside Compliance: Balancing Risk, Regulation & Work-Life. Our discussion with Brian Yeung of Interactive Brokers delves into why he pursued a law degree. He also describes how he saw himself making a difference by becoming a compliance officer which, he recalls, occurred against the backdrop of the 2001 Enron scandal leading to the collapse of venerable accounting giant Arthur Anderson, the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) in the US – which forever put a global spotlight on the importance of good corporate governance and the compliance profession writ large. It is a profession that Brian took well to; one he still finds years later to be incredibly stimulating and rewarding. As he avers “There is no typical day for me.” While sharing what his biggest challenges are, Brian stresses the importance of work life balance and considers himself profoundly blessed to usually be able to leave at a reasonable hour each day to spend time with his family after a long day at the office. He contrasts that with the life he might have had as a solicitor in private practice where the perpetual dread to rack up enough bllliable hours annually would likely have impacted his family life, notwithstanding the potentially higher rewards and prestige. While acknowledging that the compliance has long been associated with the legal and accounting professions, he does not believe one necessarily needs to complete a degree in either of those subjects to have a successful compliance career, what that although a law degree can be useful, an investigative mind is also a valuable asset to those considering entering the field. The Regulatory Ramblings podcast is brought to you by The University of Hong Kong's Reg/Tech Lab (Building Better Financial Systems), HKU-SCF FinTech Academy, Asia Global Institute, and HKU-edX Professional Certificate in FinTech, with support from HKU Law. The program is led by Douglas Arner and hosted by Ajay Shamdasani. For more details and links, please visit: www.hkufintech.com/regulatoryramblingsHKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

With guests Dr. Oriol Caudevilla and Skip SchiphorstThe Green Belt and Road Initiative. Much has been said about the BRI, known in China as the One Belt One Road – and sometimes labelled the New Silk Road. A global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the Chinese government in 2013 to invest in more than 150 countries and international organizations, the scheme is composed of six urban development land corridors linked by road, rail, energy, and digital infrastructure, and the Maritime Silk Road linked by the development of ports.The idea was simple enough, transport raw materials to China while carrying its manufactured wares to participating nations.Dr. Oriol Caudevilla is a highly regarded voice on all things fintech. He fleshes out what he means by the “Green BRI” because on the surface, the concept seems almost seems counter intuitive as vast amounts of carbon/energy are expended to carry resources towards China and goods from it. As he points out, there are there green efficiencies and other benefits to be had from the BRI that will meaningfully impact the planet's climate.Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Non-English Language Online Research. Skip Schiphorst is course coordinator and an instructor for the Swiss-based firm I-Intelligence’s Arabic, Russian and Chinese open-source intelligence courses. He shares the importance of being able to search for OSINT in languages other than English and how it has a direct application to lawyers, compliance officers and investigators in regional hubs like Hong Kong and Singapore – and the banking and financial institutions and multinational corporations they serve. As he emphasizes, it is often easier to navigate the internet in Chinese than English due to simplicity in structure of the former language.Skip describes what it was like to grow up in Switzerland as a young man of Dutch ancestry, his decision to join the Marines in 1997 and how his views on the world and the degree to which outside powers can use military force to change cultures and nations changed over the course of his service. He believes this to be the Asian century as many Western nations pursue more nativist and isolationist policies. He also talks about the value of OSINT and multi-lingual research for due diligence in a mergers and acquisitions context, as well as for know-your-customer searches in anti-money laundering, terrorist financing and sanctions compliance for banks.The Regulatory Ramblings podcast is brought to you by The University of Hong Kong's Reg/Tech Lab (Building Better Financial Systems), HKU-SCF FinTech Academy, Asia Global Institute, and HKU-edX Professional Certificate in FinTech, with support from HKU Law. The program is led by Douglas Arner and hosted by Ajay Shamdasani. For more details and links, please visit: www.hkufintech.com/regulatoryramblingsHKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

In our first episode of 2025, with a brand-new format, Regulatory Ramblings highlights two critical developments shaping Asia’s financial and regulatory landscapes.In Episode 61, Hong Kong-based lawyer Ben Hammond unpacks the city’s upcoming Stablecoin Bill, a landmark regulation aimed at strengthening digital asset oversight while bolstering Hong Kong’s position as a global financial hub. Hammond reflects on the bill’s significance, how it fills regulatory gaps, and its potential to foster legitimacy and confidence in the stablecoin ecosystem. He also explores the broader challenges and opportunities the legislation presents for compliance, cross-border legal practice, and the evolution of digital finance.Meanwhile, legal expert and political analyst Ross Feingold examines the extraterritorial enforcement of US laws under President-elect Donald Trump’s returning administration. Feingold addresses heightened sanctions, trade policies, and the ripple effects on financial hubs like Hong Kong and Singapore. Topics include escalating compliance costs, the dollar’s role in global trade, and the implications of Trump’s crypto-friendly stance for Asian markets.With insights ranging from the Stablecoin Bill’s regulatory impact to Trump’s influence on Asia’s financial compliance, this episode provides a timely overview of the challenges and opportunities awaiting the region in 2025.Our first guest, Ross Feingold, Head of Research at Caerus Consulting, brings extensive expertise in global risk management. A New York and Washington, DC-admitted lawyer, he has served as in-house counsel at Royal Bank of Scotland, Deutsche Bank, and J.P. Morgan. With over 20 years of experience in Asia, including Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taipei, Ross is fluent in Mandarin and has held roles as a lecturer, political analyst, and Asia chairman of Republicans Abroad. He is also a director of the Association of American Residents Overseas. In this episode, Ross discusses the implications of US extraterritorial laws under the incoming administration of President-elect Donald Trump.Our second guest, Ben Hammond, managing partner at Ashurst Hong Kong, leads the firm’s financial services regulatory group, specializing in non-contentious regulatory practice. He advises clients on a wide range of regulatory matters, with a focus on digital economy initiatives. Notably, Ben guided Goldman Sachs in 2023 on its tokenization platform, GS DAP™, for issuing the world’s first government-backed tokenized green bond (HK$800 million) for the Hong Kong government. In 2024, he led HSBC’s support to the Hong Kong Monetary Authority on the world’s first multi-currency “digitally native” bond offering, underscoring his expertise in pioneering regulatory frameworks and digital finance innovation.The Regulatory Ramblings podcast is brought to you by The University of Hong Kong's Reg/Tech Lab (Building Better Financial Systems), HKU-SCF FinTech Academy, Asia Global Institute, and HKU-edX Professional Certificate in FinTech, with support from HKU Law. The program is led by Douglas Arner and hosted by Ajay Shamdasani. For more details and links, please visit: www.hkufintech.com/regulatoryramblingsHKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

Replay: Ep #59 with Matthew Friedman (The Mekong Club)Four decades fighting human trafficking and modern slavery – a diplomat reflectsAs a former US and United Nations diplomat, Matthew Friedman has been a true warrior on the frontlines against modern slavery and sex trafficking for over four decades. He is an international human trafficking expert and the CEO of The Mekong Club, a non-governmental organization comprised of Hong Kong’s leading businesses which have joined forces to help end all forms of modern slavery. The Mekong Club is very active in the ESG space and is well versed at identifying red flags and appropriate metrics to gauge anti-human trafficking compliance. Previously, he worked for United States Agency for International Development and the UN in over 40 countries. Matt offers technical advice to numerous governments, banks and corporations working to eliminate all forms of modern slavery and is the author of fifteen books. In 2017, he won Asia’s prestigious “Communicator of the Year” Gold Award. His postings have taken him all over Asia from Nepal, Bangladesh, and to Thailand. The Mekong Club works with private sector banks, manufacturers, retailers and the hospitality sectors to do what they need to do in the fight against human trafficking and slavery. The topic of modern slavery – more colloquially referred to as human trafficking – is a bleak one. In this episode of Regulatory Ramblings, Matt chats with host Ajay Shamdasani on what the global banking and financial institutions and multinational corporations can do about the matter. The problem indirectly affects us all: estimates are that 50 million people in the world are currently in some form of slavery. Twenty-seven million of them are engaged in forced labor, of which 82% of this figure is associated with supply chains.  The conversation begins with Matt sharing his background and what drew him to the cause of modern slavery. He also stresses that despite the Mekong Club being an NGO, it works with the private sector a great deal, perhaps more so than it does with other NGOs or state bodies. As he notes, there is a greater impetus to take action to effect change in the private sector than in the public sector. Working with the private sector is an approach that has served Matt and the Club well because as he puts it: “The private sector has a sense of urgency unlike the public sector. If a company does an audit on human trafficking and there is a problem, within fifteen minutes they will call a meeting of all the relevant stakeholders and work to remediate it. The private sector does more than traditional NGOs because they are closer to the action,” he said. He added, NGOs tended to intellectualize matters – often reducing them to purely academic or legal concerns. Reflecting on his four decades in the field, Matt also recounts what has changed about human trafficking and what has remained the same. As he points out, the evolution of human trafficking is interesting, going from forced manual labor to compelling enslaved persons to undertake more elaborate crimes such as scam farm and ‘pig butchering’ schemes. The discussion concludes with Matt sharing his views how the financial sector can protect themselves from becoming unwitting participants in human trafficking and the sex trade. There clearly is an intersection between money laundering, financial crime and human trafficking, he says, and it is something the UN Counter-Trafficking program was created to combat. For more details and links, visit: www.hkufintech.com/regulatoryramblingsHKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

Episode #60 with Theodora Lau, Unconventional Ventures Based in the US, Theodora Lau or Theo as she’s known, is Hong Kong born and bred and the founder of Unconventional Ventures. Her firm’s mission is developing and growing an ecosystem of financial institutions, corporations, startups, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and accelerators to make banking better, as well as to meet the often-unmet needs of consumers, including older adults and women. Connecting founders with funders – with a specific focus on underrepresented entrepreneurs is Theo’s mission. As part of her work, she regularly mentors and advises startups in both the financial services and healthcare/caregiving space. She is an advisor to B21 Ventures which focuses on entrepreneurs disrupting finance and health through artificial intelligence. Theo has been referred to by the American Banker as one of the “Most Influential Women in FinTech” and is one of few global experts providing authoritative insights on both the US vis a vis Asia.  Besides being a best-selling author, Theo is an accomplished technologist and is much sought after for her unique insights on the success of super apps in Asia, the evolution of AI and the disparity in digital adoption between regions.Theo regularly speaks on the topics of AI, gender equity, FinTech, inclusion, and longevity. She is a guest contributor for various top industry events, publications, and podcasts, including Fintech Futures, the American Banker, BBC, the Journal of Digital Banking, Harvard Business Review, Nikkei Asia, MIT Tech Review, Money20/20, Finovate, RISE, FinTech Week Hong Kong, Breaking Banks, Irish Tech News and the Forbes Technology Council  She is the co-author of “Beyond Good: How technology is leading a purpose-driven business revolution” and co-author of “The Metaverse Economy” (both books are now available in paperback edition). Theo is also the host of One Vision, a podcast on innovation and fintech, runs a weekly LinkedIn newsletter called FinTech Prose on emerging technologies (such as voice-activated/enabled software and AI), inclusion, longevity, fintech, innovation, and using technology for good. Her monthly column on Fintech Futures explores the intersection of FinTech and humanity.  As for her education, she holds a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in New York, and a Master of Science in project management from George Washington University in Washington, DC.  In this episode of Regulatory Ramblings, Theo discusses the evolving fintech landscape, the digital adoption gap between Asia and the US, and regulatory challenges. She reflects on her journey from growing up in Hong Kong to witnessing the rise of digital finance in the US, noting Asia's diverse fintech ecosystem, driven by tech giants like WeChat and Tencent in China and Japan's conglomerates.Theo highlights why the US lags in digital payment adoption, with many still using cheques, compared to Hong Kong and countries like the UK and Australia, which are phasing them out. She explains how regulatory complexity and siloed systems in the US hinder progress, contrasting with global efforts like Project Nexus for seamless cross-border payments in Asia.Addressing financial inclusion, Theo critiques overpromises by tech creators, noting 4.2% of US households remain unbanked. She emphasizes that tech adoption, not innovation, is the bigger challenge, with banks and regulators often slow to adapt. The conversation also covers the potential of AI and generative tools to drive inclusion globally, along with liability and competency concerns.For more details, please visit: HKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.

Ep #58 with Huy Nguyen TrieuHuy Nguyen Trieu is the author of the new book The AI-fication of Jobs. He is the co-founder along with Ms. Tram Anh Nguyen of the London-headquartered Centre for Finance, Technology and Entrepreneurship (or CFTE). As a global FinTech knowledge platform, CFTE opened its Abu Dhabi office earlier this year, in addition to its Singapore office.  A leading voice in the world of AI, Huy’s book is the product of 10 months of effort and debuted at the recent Singapore FinTech Festival in early-November 2024. It explores how AI is reshaping the workforce. It moves beyond the common question of “Will AI take my job?” Huy shares with Regulatory Ramblings host Ajay Shamdasani how his book provides a structured framework for understanding AI's impact from displacement to augmentation and how such changes and trends can be leveraged for future success and insights. It is an accessible, future-focused guide and a must-read for anyone interested in AI’s role in shaping careers, industries, and society. As Huy puts it: “AI is a complex, personal topic – 85 percent of workers believe it will significantly impact their jobs. But understanding what that means is often confusing.” Huy goes on to describe his professional background, being an engineer by training and an entrepreneur by nature. As a "big picture" person, he’s interested in the revolution in technology that is transforming finance – what he calls Disruptive Finance. His passion, he says, is for building and growing businesses – especially in changing environments. It led him from being a tech CEO in New York to being managing director at an investment bank in London to being a founding partner at a Hong Kong-based accelerator in Hong Kong and now, as co-founder of the CFTE.  Having previously, been a managing director at Citi, Huy grew a business that helped Europe's largest insurance companies, major pension funds and international banks to adapt to an increasingly complex environment. He also adores teaching at scale, having co-created some of the largest FinTech courses in the world at Oxford University’s Said Business School, the University of Hong Kong University, Imperial College and now CFTE.  As CEO of The Disruptive Group, he’s developing a firm that builds innovative finance businesses which leverage technology and advises CEOs of large organizations. One of TDG's projects is the CFTE – and it is one that is dear to Huy’s heart, as he explains the impetus for the body’s creation.  “CFTE is the answer to a very simple question: as a professional in financial services, how do I acquire the skills to be future-proof?” Huy says. “We have created a platform that helps the industry acquire this knowledge quickly, from FinTech to artificial intelligence to open banking,” he concluded. A key observation of the book is that AI and its massive impact on careers portends a shift that will give rise to a class of “supercharged professionals” – those who combine their skills with tech to thrive like never before. And then there are the “creative disruptors”; a select few poised to build entirely new industries from scratch. Huy urges us all to embrace this future, not just for ourselves, but to ensure the potential benefits of AI for everyone. Regulatory Ramblings is led by Douglas Arner and brought to you by the HKU's Reg/Tech Lab (Building Better Financial Systems), HKU-SCF Fintech Academy, Asia Global Institute, and HKU-edX Professional Certificate in FinTech, with support from the HKU Faculty of Law.  Read more details at: www.hkufintech.comHKU FinTech is the leading fintech research and education in Asia. Learn more at www.hkufintech.com.