Lutz Hühnken: Crafting Resilient Systems with Event-Driven Design

IntroductionIn this episode of Maintainable, Robby speaks with Lutz Hühnken, Head of Engineering Excellence at Upvest, about the transformative power of event-driven architecture in software development. Lutz brings his extensive experience to the table, discussing how breaking down complex systems into manageable modules and leveraging event-driven design can lead to more resilient and maintainable software.Topics Discussed[00:05:32] Introduction to Well-Maintained Software: Lutz shares his thoughts on the key characteristics of maintainable software, emphasizing modularity and simplicity.[00:10:24] Challenges with "Magic" in Code: The pitfalls of relying too much on frameworks and ORMs, including examples from Lutz’s experience with Hibernate.[00:11:16] Understanding Event-Driven Architecture: Lutz explains the fundamentals of event-driven architecture and its advantages over traditional command-driven approaches.[00:13:50] The Role of Promises in Event-Driven Systems: How clear design-time responsibilities ensure reliability in event-driven communication.[00:15:43] Choreography vs. Orchestration: The debate between these two approaches to managing workflows and why Lutz favors choreography for most systems.[00:17:57] Onboarding Developers in Event-Driven Systems: Tips for effectively integrating new team members into an event-driven architecture.[00:26:52] The Role of Engineering Excellence at Upvest: Lutz discusses his new role and the importance of systems thinking in guiding architectural decisions.[00:34:55] Managing Technical Debt: Lutz offers insights into balancing feature development with addressing technical debt, emphasizing the importance of a healthy investment distribution.Key TakeawaysBreaking down large systems into smaller modules with clear boundaries can significantly enhance maintainability.Event-driven architecture offers a powerful way to decouple system components, making them more resilient and scalable.Developers should be cautious of "magic" in code, such as heavy reliance on ORMs, which can obscure underlying complexities and hinder maintainability.Choreography often provides a more scalable and maintainable approach than orchestration in managing complex workflows.Technical debt should be managed proactively, with regular investments in refactoring and productivity enhancements to maintain long-term software health.Resources MentionedLutz Hühnken's BlogEvent-Driven Architecture by Martin FowlerThe Open Society and Its Enemies by Karl PopperEvent-Driven Architecture Reading ListConnect with Lutz HühnkenLinkedInMastodonBlueskyThanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error-tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Use the code maintainable to get a 10% discount for your first year. Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

In this episode of the Maintainable Software Podcast, Robby is joined by Noel Rappin, Staff Engineer at Chime Financial, and the mind behind the latest edition of the classic Programming Ruby book, affectionately known as the "Pickaxe." Noel delves into the intricate process of modernizing a legacy technical book and the lessons learned along the way.Episode Highlights[00:05:32] A Legacy Revisited: Noel Rappin reflects on the process of updating the Programming Ruby book, navigating the balance between preserving its legacy and making it relevant for today’s Ruby community.[00:10:17] The Challenges of Modernizing: Noel discusses the complexities of working on a legacy book, including maintaining a consistent tone, updating technical content, and making strategic decisions about what to include or omit.[00:16:12] Parallels with Legacy Code: Noel shares his insights on the similarities between updating a legacy book and maintaining legacy software, emphasizing the importance of understanding past decisions before making changes.[00:21:00] Curating Ruby's Evolution: How Noel approached the task of deciding which Ruby features and practices to highlight in the new edition, considering the evolution of the Ruby community since the book's last update.[00:27:00] The Ruby Ecosystem as a Legacy System: Exploring the idea that the entire Ruby ecosystem can be seen as a legacy system, shaped by past decisions and community standards.[00:33:47] Advice for Aspiring Technical Authors: Noel offers practical tips for those interested in contributing to or updating legacy technical books, including how to pitch ideas to publishers and navigate the challenges of working on established projects.[00:40:00] Maintaining Relevance: Strategies for keeping both software and technical books up-to-date, including Noel's thoughts on the importance of documentation and regular updates.Key TakeawaysUpdating a legacy technical book requires a deep understanding of the community's current needs and the ability to balance respect for the original work with the necessity of modern relevance.The process of modernizing a book like Programming Ruby shares many similarities with maintaining legacy software, including the importance of understanding past decisions and the challenges of working with outdated practices.Community standards play a crucial role in both software maintenance and technical writing, guiding the evolution of both fields.Noel emphasizes the importance of documentation in legacy projects, whether in software or publishing, as a tool for preserving context and aiding future contributors.Resources MentionedProgramming Ruby 3.3 (5th Edition) - The latest "Pickaxe" book, authored by Noel Rappin. Use promo code maintainablefm2024 to get 35% off the ebook.Chime FinancialMurderbot Diaries by Martha WellsWayfarers series by Becky ChambersRubular - Ruby Regular Expression EditorNoel Rappin's WebsiteNoel Rappin on LinkedInNoel Rappin on TwitterFor more episodes like this, be sure to subscribe to the Maintainable Software Podcast.Thanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error-tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Use the code maintainable to get a 10% discount for your first year. Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

In this episode of the Maintainable Software Podcast, Robby sits down with Cassidy Williams, Developer Advocate at GitHub, to explore the dynamic nature of a tech career, the delicate balance between clever code and maintainability, and the evolving trends in software development.Cassidy begins by discussing what makes software truly maintainable—starting with the ease of onboarding for new developers. She emphasizes the importance of clear documentation and warns against the pitfalls of writing overly clever code that might be difficult to maintain in the future.They then delve into the challenges of joining an existing codebase and managing technical debt. Cassidy shares her experiences, noting how codebases often start pristine but become more cumbersome as projects evolve and pivot.The Importance of Onboarding: Cassidy explains how fast someone can jump in and start working on code as a key indicator of well-maintained software.[00:10:21] Balancing Cleverness and Maintainability: Cassidy elaborates on why writing clever code can be a double-edged sword when it comes to long-term maintainability.[00:16:00] Navigating Career Pivots: Cassidy reflects on her own career journey, likening it to a "career jungle gym" where paths are non-linear and require thoughtful decision-making.[00:18:36] Working at Netlify: Cassidy shares her experience with upgrading a router within an existing codebase, highlighting the importance of collaboration and bringing in external expertise.[00:24:00] Local-First Software: Robby and Cassidy explore the trend of local-first software, emphasizing the benefits of data ownership and the ability to work offline.[00:26:30] Developer Wishlists: Cassidy suggests creating personal and communal wishlists for addressing technical debt, fostering a collaborative approach to maintaining software.[00:31:50] Jumbile - Cassidy's Side Project: Cassidy introduces her word game, Jumbile, detailing its development process and the unique challenges she faced.Cassidy also discusses her love for Brandon Sanderson's books, specifically the Mistborn trilogy, and the importance of owning your data in today’s digital landscape.Key Takeaways:Maintainable software allows new developers to quickly contribute, thanks to clear documentation and readable code.Clever code can be a joy to write but may lead to maintenance challenges down the line.A career in tech often resembles a jungle gym, requiring flexibility and thoughtful navigation.Involving open-source maintainers in large codebase changes can provide invaluable insights and streamline the process.Local-first software is gaining traction, offering benefits in data ownership and offline functionality.Resources Mentioned:Cassidy's WebsiteCassidy on LinkedInCassidy on TwitterJumbile - Word GameReact RouterMistborn Trilogy by Brandon SandersonThanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error-tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Use the code maintainable to get a 10% discount for your first year. Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

In this episode of the Maintainable Software Podcast, Robby speaks with Obie Fernandez, Chief Scientist at Olympia, about the integration of AI into modern software development. Obie shares his unique perspective on leveraging AI to enhance the maintainability and functionality of software applications, particularly in the Ruby on Rails ecosystem.Episode Highlights[00:01:00] Characteristics of Well-Maintained Software: Obie emphasizes the importance of test coverage and the role of Ruby in writing readable, maintainable code.[00:02:00] AI Integration Challenges: Delving into the complexities of working with external dependencies, Obie explains how he has tackled issues with OpenAI's API in the Olympia project.[00:05:50] Evals and Guardrails: Obie introduces the concept of evals and guardrails in AI-driven applications, detailing how they ensure robust and reliable software performance.[00:08:44] Account Management with AI: Learn about Obie's innovative "multitude of workers" approach to automating account management in Olympia using AI.[00:17:05] Obie's Upcoming Book: Obie discusses his forthcoming book, Patterns of Application Development Using AI, and shares the inspiration behind writing it.[00:21:52] Prompt Engineering Essentials: Explore the fundamentals of prompt engineering and how it plays a crucial role in AI-driven workflows.[00:22:48] Self-Healing Data and Intelligent Error Handling: Obie explains how AI can be used to enhance application robustness through self-healing data and intelligent error handling.[00:29:03] Human-Augmented AI in Olympia: Discover how Olympia's AI consultants are augmented by human expertise, creating a hybrid model that enhances service quality.[00:41:00] The Future of AI in Software Development: Obie reflects on the current AI revolution and draws parallels with the early days of Ruby on Rails, offering insights into the future of AI in software engineering.Key TakeawaysThe Role of Ruby in AI: Ruby's syntax and readability play a significant role in creating maintainable AI-driven applications.AI Integration Complexity: Handling external APIs and dependencies requires robust error management and creative solutions like evals and guardrails.Innovative Account Management: Obie's approach to AI-driven account management offers a glimpse into the future of business automation.AI's Impact on Software Development: AI has the potential to revolutionize software maintenance, making it more robust and adaptable.Resources MentionedObie's LinkedIn: Obie FernandezObie's Twitter: @obieObie's Blog: MediumOlympiaUpcoming Book: Patterns of Application Development Using AI by Obie FernandezScience Fiction Recommendation: Ian Banks' BooksThanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error-tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Use the code maintainable to get a 10% discount for your first year. Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

Topics DiscussedCharacteristics of Well-Maintained Software: Tekin emphasizes the importance of software that is easy to change and tailored to the team's needs.Balancing Complexity and Team Size: Tekin discusses how his small team manages complexity and features to maintain sustainable work practices without overburdening the developers.GovUK Project Insights: Tekin shares his experiences working on the GovUK project, highlighting the challenges and breakthroughs in rationalizing the UK's government digital real estate.Version Control Best Practices: Tekin and Robby delve into the importance of well-written Git commit messages and how they preserve institutional knowledge.Connecting with End Users: Tekin advocates for developers to get closer to end users to better understand their needs and deliver more effective solutions.Key TakeawaysMaintaining software sustainability is crucial, especially for small teams.Intentional decisions about growth and complexity can prevent burnout and maintain productivity.Direct interaction with end users can significantly improve software quality and usability.Effective version control practices help preserve valuable institutional knowledge.Organizations should balance parallel work to avoid overburdening development teams.Resources MentionedGovUK GitHub RepositoryProgramming as Theory Building by Peter Nauer User Story Mapping by Jeff PattonA Branch in Time (a story about revision histories)Tekin on Ruby.socialJoin Together CooperativeBook Recommendation: Palestine +100: Stories from a Century After the NakbaDon't miss this insightful conversation with Tekin Süleyman as he shares his journey and best practices for maintaining sustainable software within small teams.Thanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error-tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Use the code maintainable to get a 10% discount for your first year. Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

Ryosuke shares his insights on:Ownership in Software Maintenance: The role of single-threaded ownership and dedicated teams in maintaining software and shared libraries.Technical Debt: How his definition of technical debt has evolved over the years and strategies to manage it effectively.Monitoring and Alarming: The importance of comprehensive monitoring and alarming systems in handling legacy software and ensuring reliability.Change Management: Best practices for change management, including preparing for worst-case scenarios and automating processes to reduce risks.Phased Rollouts and Feature Flags: Implementing phased rollouts and using feature flags to manage changes safely and gradually.Cell-Based Architecture: How cell-based architecture enhances scalability and reliability, and the challenges of maintaining multi-cell systems.Operational Excellence: Continuous deployment, regular dashboard reviews, and technologies used in orchestration to achieve operational excellence.Ryosuke also discusses his current role and responsibilities as a software engineer and his consulting work with OpsVL, where he helps organizations raise their operational standards.Resources MentionedRyosuke Iwanaga on LinkedInOpsBR Software Technology Inc.Cell-Based ArchitectureTune in to this insightful episode to learn more about maintaining healthy and scalable software systems.About the Guest:Ryosuke Iwanaga is the President of OpsBR Software Technology Inc. He has extensive experience in software engineering, including roles in sales engineering, support engineering, and data center operations. Ryosuke is passionate about operational excellence and helping organizations improve their software systems.Follow Ryosuke on Social Media:LinkedInThanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and soon, other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

Welcome to the Maintainable Software Podcast! In this episode, Robby speaks with Julia Ferraioli, an Open Source AI/ML Strategist at AWS and co-founder of Open Source Stories. Julia joins us from Seattle, Washington, and shares her insights into the world of open source, AI, and software maintainability.Key Topics:Well-Maintained Software: Julia shares her thoughts on the characteristics of well-maintained software, emphasizing the importance of avoiding "clever" code that is often unmaintainable.Creative vs. Assembly Process: The discussion touches on the balance between software as a creative endeavor and an assembly process, highlighting the need for maintainability.Ternary Operators and Readability: Julia provides her perspective on the use of ternary operators and how certain programming language features can impact code readability and maintainability.Open Source Stories: Julia discusses the origins and goals of Open Source Stories, a narrative project that captures the untold stories of open-source contributors.Challenges in Open Source: The episode delves into the challenges faced by open source contributors, including cultural context, erasure, and the lack of exit interviews.Research and Software Maintenance: Julia's background in machine learning research offers a unique perspective on the intersection of research and software maintenance.Technical Debt: A broader definition of technical debt is explored, encompassing work deferred and cultural issues within organizations.Effective Strategies: Julia shares strategies for addressing technical debt and navigating conversations about prioritizing technical improvements.Metrics and Developer Experience: The importance of context in metrics and the value of developer experience feedback are discussed.AI/ML Tools: Julia provides her predictions on the impact of AI/ML tools on software maintenance in the coming years.Resources Mentioned:Open Source StoriesFeminism is for Everybody by Bell HooksThanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and soon, other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

In this episode of Maintainable, Robby Russell sits down with Tanmai Gopal, the CEO and co-founder of Hasura. Tanmai shares his insights into the characteristics of well-maintained software and the importance of a codebase that no team member fears. He emphasizes the need for accessibility and understandability in code, making it easier for developers to work with and iterate upon.Tanmai dives deep into the metaphor of technical debt, urging teams to prioritize product outcomes over best practices. He highlights the value of addressing technical debt contextually and in a way that aligns with product goals.A significant portion of the discussion revolves around the concept of the "super graph" in GraphQL. Tanmai explains how a unified API, created through federated GraphQL, can streamline API integration and reduce latency. He compares GraphQL with RESTful APIs, showcasing the advantages of a graph-based approach for handling complex data relationships.Tanmai also introduces Hasura's platform, which introspects databases, code, and APIs to create a comprehensive super graph. This platform simplifies API management, making it easier for developers to maintain and evolve their applications.Listeners will also learn about Hasura's upcoming user conference and the new features they plan to unveil. Tanmai shares his top science fiction book recommendations and where to follow his thoughts on software engineering online.Key Takeaways:The importance of a fearless codebase for well-maintained software.Strategies to improve code accessibility and understandability.The metaphor of technical debt and its contextual importance.The concept and benefits of a super graph in GraphQL.How Hasura simplifies API management through introspection.Upcoming Hasura user conference and new features.Resources Mentioned:HasuraTanmai Gopal on LinkedInN.K. Jemisin's Broken Earth TrilogyNaomi Novik's UprootedMartha Wells' Murderbot DiariesThanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and soon, other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

In this episode of the Maintainable Software Podcast, Robby Russell sits down with James Socol, a Staff Engineer at Fastly, to discuss the art of maintaining legacy code and the nuances of technical debt versus technical depreciation.Key Topics Discussed:Characteristics of Well-Maintained Code: James shares his insights on what defines well-maintained code, emphasizing the importance of continuous maintenance, testing, and encapsulation.Technical Debt vs. Technical Depreciation: James introduces the concept of technical depreciation, distinguishing it from technical debt and explaining how time affects software maintenance.Balancing Old and New Patterns: The discussion explores the challenges of integrating modern standards into legacy systems and finding a healthy balance.20% Time for Maintenance: James advocates for dedicating a portion of engineering capacity to maintenance tasks, drawing parallels to Google's 20% time concept.Onboarding Strategies: James offers valuable advice for new hires, emphasizing observation, gradual involvement, and building social capital within the team.Continuous Delivery and Big Changes: Insights into managing significant changes in a continuous delivery environment, with practical strategies for maintaining stability.Resources Mentioned:Riot Engineering Blog: A Taxonomy of Tech DebtSilicon Valley Product GroupLaura Hogan's Donut TheoryBooks:Getting to Yes by Roger Fisher & William UryTurn the Ship Around by L. David MarquetThanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and soon, other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.

In this episode of Maintainable, Robby chats with Paola Ducolin, Staff Engineer at Datadog. Paola shares her insights on the characteristics of well-maintained software, the common struggles teams face, and effective strategies for working with stakeholders to prioritize refactoring.Key Topics Discussed:Characteristics of Maintainable Software: Paola explains the importance of well-documented code and having tests that automatically detect breaks.Challenges in Maintaining Software: The impact of business pressures on maintaining code quality and how teams can navigate these challenges.Working with Stakeholders: Strategies for communicating the importance of refactoring and measuring the impact of technical debt on business objectives.Role of Staff Engineers: Paola’s journey to becoming a staff engineer and the responsibilities that come with the role, including coordination and networking.Documentation and Design Systems: The power of documentation and how design systems can serve as a model for well-documented and maintainable code.Observability and Monitoring: An overview of Datadog's tools for observability and monitoring, and how they help in maintaining software quality.Resources Mentioned:DatadogMy Path to Staff EngineerSarah Drasner: The Art of Code CommentsBook RecommendationsRadical CandorCrucial ConversationsBe sure to follow Paola on LinkedIn and stay tuned for more insightful conversations on Maintainable.Thanks to Our Sponsor!Turn hours of debugging into just minutes! AppSignal is a performance monitoring and error tracking tool designed for Ruby, Elixir, Python, Node.js, Javascript, and soon, other frameworks.It offers six powerful features with one simple interface, providing developers with real-time insights into the performance and health of web applications.Keep your coding cool and error-free, one line at a time! Check them out! Subscribe to Maintainable on:Apple PodcastsSpotifyOr search "Maintainable" wherever you stream your podcasts.Keep up to date with the Maintainable Podcast by joining the newsletter.