Good Fire

Good Fire Podcast by Amy Cardinal Christianson and Matthew KristoffStories of Indigenous fire stewardship, cultural empowerment and environmental integrityThe Abundance Will Be Forever with Victor Steffensen and Ado WebsterEpisode highlightIn this podcast, Victor Steffensen and Ado Webster reflect on their experiences as Indigenous fire-keepers.ResourcesFire Country: How Indigenous Fire Management Could Help Save Australia by Victor SteffensenVictor and Ado’s BiosLooking After Country with Fire: Aboriginal Burning Knowledge With Uncle KuuGreat Land by MulongSponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:●       California Indian Water Commission●       Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes10.52 - 10.56: “We’re not governed by anyone but ourselves and by our culture and by our country.” TakeawaysRediscovering culture, discovering oneself (3.55)Ado has recently begun working with Firesticks in the capacity of an employee, and loves working in an Aboriginal cultural environment where “the knowledge is safe, the sharing is safe and people are safe”. For the landscape and the people (9.00)Ado thrives on the cultural exchange that takes place between Nations as part of his work now, something colonization deprived his community of. He is passionate about helping children access culture freely. Work that heals (14.40)Victor notes that working with the country helps liberate Aboriginal peoples from stereotypes that they are not hardworking. Work that heals the land for the future inspires youth to do the right thing to enhance their connection with the land. “Climate change is mother nature telling us to change” (19.17)Victor laments that the negative messaging in the media makes us feel helpless against climate change. He brings attention to the disasters humans have lived through, and that this can also be salvaged by “doing the good work”. When you care for the country, it cares back (28.23)Ado reassures that cultural burning is safe, which is why many go barefoot for a cultural burn. He feels a sense of oneness with all inhabitants of the land, and disagrees with preferential protective equipment for humans but not for the other animals. Fire, language and country (33.11)Ado narrates how Victor demonstrated to Ado’s Nation, his knowledge of the land that applies across different territories. Victor adds that landscapes have many similarities in values, and bringing the country back is the missing piece in reviving cultural knowledge.  Let us do it our way (38.48)Ado speaks about the National Indigenous Fire Workshop they conducted for nations across Australia, where they did a cultural burn which lasted 13 days. Not having burned due to colonization has changed the landscape, and is causing sickness in the forests.  The whole world gets affected (47.33)Ado says that knowledge opens up minds with the truth but it makes it more difficult to tolerate the wrong things being done. Everyone was impacted by the large bushfires in Australia, and he feels strongly about people experiencing the benefits of cultural burning. Send in your comments and feedback to the hosts of this podcast: amy.ch[email protected] and [email protected]

Episode highlightIn this podcast, Victor Steffenson and Ado Webster talk about cultural burning in Australia and the work Firesticks is doing to promote it. ResourcesFire Country: How Indigenous Fire Management Could Help Save Australia by Victor SteffensenLooking After Country with Fire: Aboriginal Burning Knowledge With Uncle Kuuby Victor and Sandra SteffensenCool Burning SponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:● California Indian Water Commission● Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes17.02 - 17.09: “Fear is… one of the biggest problems… in the world today and… a lot of that comes from ignorance.”TakeawaysAdo and Victor (6.10)Adrian, known as Ado, was born in Naora (Nowra) and considers himself fortunate to have grown up in his community and culture. Victor, a descendant of the Tagalaka clan from North Queensland, is the Lead Fire Practitioner at Firesticks, a filmmaker, musician and author. Baby steps to progress (9.14) Victor wrote a children’s book as a way of getting back to the arts using storytelling to reactivate culture and landscape connections and change society while having fun.  Listen to the country (16.58)Victor finds it alarming that people fear fire, but takes solace in Indigenous knowledge, which focuses on the right way of doing things and provides a positive solution. Ado’s father realized that forests were deteriorating because Indigenous peoples had not been allowed to manage them. “Learning not through science, but through spirit” (24.10)Ado has learnt from his Elders about nature and realizes that this knowledge is only recently being discovered by non-Indigenous people. “Fire is good for us as people” (33.40)Victor notes that the insights of the Indigenous cultures are shifting the culture of the country as a whole, evolving into a nature-based one, where people can move from fear of fire to a connection to the land. Fire and sustainability (39.50)Victor and his team are working on creating a training model leading to a certified diploma to factor in lived experience for those who can demonstrate and manage the work practically. “We need to work together” (50.24)Victor believes that the work they have been doing in education to further cultural, environmental and economic development has been supported by Mother Nature. It has also made the country take notice of the work the Aboriginal peoples are doing, and recognize the need to support this work. “It’s all about doing the right thing” (54.43)Victor recommends being inclusive, making people comfortable and respecting them and their place to work together towards sustainability. He urges people to take action towards nature, and not be limited by barriers of time or money. Send in your comments and feedback to the hosts of this podcast via email: [email protected] and [email protected]

Good Fire Podcast by Amy Cardinal Christianson and Matthew KristoffStories of Indigenous fire stewardship, cultural and social empowerment, and environmental integrityGood Fire In Guyana with Kayla de Freitas and Nicholas CyrilEpisode highlightIn this episode, Kayla and Nicholas talk about the cultural burning practices in Guyana.ResourcesSRDCKayla De-FreitasSponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:●       California Indian Water Commission●       Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes41.54 - 42.04: “So much of that knowledge about fire and fire use and farming, hunting, is learned by doing and by living there and living that life.”TakeawaysFire since time immemorial (04.02)Nicholas has worked for 10 years at SRDC as a part-time researcher. He explains that fire in his territory has always been used and continues to be used for various reasons. The changing face of fire (10.55)Kayla’s research focus is the changing practices of Indigenous fire management and local fire governance.Timeless wisdom, current realities (13.17)Kayla describes who was interviewed for her research study and the regional fire management plan. Indigenous land rights (17.17)Nicholas notes that Indigenous peoples are allowed to burn in the villages. Kayla adds that Indigenous communities can make their own rules concerning resource governance. Towards the creation of a fire policy (19.35)The Indigenous communities in South Rupununi are working to create a local fire policy appropriate to their landscape. Burning season (23.46)Kayla highlights the seasonal fire calendar that the district council uses and a collection of interview responses on putting fire on the landscape. Beyond fire (25.53)Kayla shares how enriching it has been to work with Indigenous communities alongside Nicholas, learning about the landscape, experiencing hospitality and developing connections. Bringing fire back (33.46)Nicholas mentions how management of fire is changing in the communities to a direct style where the council makes decisions for the community. Valuing Indigenous knowledge (35.52)Nicholas speaks about how people are moving away from the traditional way of life. Kayla comments on how Indigenous knowledge was erased by settlers, but is being reclaimed. Following in the ancestor’s footsteps (41.40)Nicholas delineates the process of a burn, when traditional knowledge is relied upon. Kayla laments that the government only pays lip service to Indigenous knowledge and practices.  The sum of the parts (49.44)Kayla narrates how fire management plans are being updated in consultation with Indigenous groups, and how opt-in arrangements work for their lands. Looking ahead (54.25)Nicholas says the Indigenous communities are mindful of burning in the right seasons and work with nature’s cycles. He describes how burning assists animals in breeding. Preventing brain drain (1.04.57)Kayla mentions that the SRDC is creating opportunities for trained Guyanese people to stay in the country and serve the community. Nicholas’ work with SRDC is inspired by the desire to keep Indigenous knowledge alive and affirm Indigenous land rights.

Good Fire Podcast by Amy Cardinal Christianson and Matthew KristoffStories of Indigenous fire stewardship, cultural and social empowerment, and environmental integrityEarly Career PanelEpisode highlightThis episode is a recording of a session at the IAWF Fire & Climate conference in Pasadena CA, featuring early career researchers who are re-kindling cultural burning. ResourcesInternational Association of Wildland FireSponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:●       California Indian Water Commission●       Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes16.25 - 16.29: “Indigenous people don’t need us to speak on their behalf, they can speak on their own behalf.”Takeaways“In a good way” (05.02)Melinda Adams, San Carlos Apache Tribal member, and PhD candidate at UC Davis, shares how agency representatives took a step away from fire suppression in one of the first CalFire cultural fire workshops at Cache Creek Conservancy in Woodland, CA.The benefits of cultural fire (06.42)Melinda narrates how the burn was concentrated on restoring tule, an ecologically and culturally significant plant. This highlights how cultural fire is important for long-term carbon storage, water holding potential and cultural reunification. Collaboration, consultation and consent (07.57)Melinda hopes for  burning to take place with Indigenous peoples, to undo the impacts of colonialism and unburden future generations from climate change.Good relations (11.11)Carly Dominguez is of Indigenous Mexican heritage. Her work with cultural fire is inspired by her desire to improve water health. Fire has always been good (13.30)Carly is being trained through the Indigenous cultural burn network. “Fire has a special place in my heart” (17.41)Deniss Martinez is a Ph.D. candidate at UC Davis. Learning from local Indigenous communities helped her reconnect with her Indigenous roots and relearn fire. Getting stuff done (19.54)William Madrigal Jr., or Will, is associated with Climate Science Alliance, a nonprofit based in San Diego that supports and collaborates with Indigenous tribes in addressing climate change disparities. Facing climate change (22.19)Nina Fontana is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Davis in collaboration with the USGS Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center. Relationships over acres (26.10)Deniss observes that when relationships are built and in place, more equitable decision-making takes place during a crisis. Trust takes time (30.57)Carly suggests approaching practices and policies with openness and Nina advises including the community in all aspects of the project from the beginning. Researching back to life (35.59)Melinda notes that Indigenous peoples conducting research helps move their initiatives and collaborations forward. She is excited about young people getting involved in burning and the openness of other researchers to this learning.“We have to have hope” (40.16)As a native person whose ancestors survived so much, Melinda believes it is her duty to lead with hope. “Connection brings me hope” (43.22)Understanding the traditional way humans can fulfil our responsibilities to the following seven generations gives Will hope for a better future. Nina finds hope in hearing about species coming back to landscapes.

Good Fire Podcast by Amy Cardinal Christianson and Matthew KristoffStories of Indigenous fire stewardship, cultural empowerment and environmental integrityUpdate: Cultural Fire in California with Don HankinsEpisode highlightIn this podcast, Don Hankins talks about new developments around cultural burning in California and his hopes for the future. ResourcesCalifornia’s Strategic Plan for Expanding the Use of Beneficial FireSponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:●       California Indian Water Commission●       Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes24.52 - 24.53: “We definitely have to connect culture to fire.”TakeawaysCultural torch bearers (01.52)Don is Plains Miwok from the central valley of California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. He believes that due to the wildfires in California, initiatives are taking place that recognize the place of Indigenous fire. Revitalizing cultural fire (4.37)Various policy barriers - access to land and funding and permission to burn using traditional laws - are being addressed through the creation of a tribally chartered non-profit organization to support learning, advance policy efforts and act as a refunding and redistribution entity. Building and empowering the youth (07.16)Don looks to the youth to carry Indigenous knowledge of fire into the future and seeks young people from his Nation to mentor. Knowledge holders training the youth to understand the cultural reasons for burning, read the landscape and maintain culture will enable the youth to step into decision-making roles and policy arenas. Enabling cultural burning (11.49)Don speaks about California Bill SB 332 which allows certified burn bosses and cultural burners to burn, and that if they meet certain conditions, they shall not be liable for any fire suppression or other costs otherwise recoverable for a burn. Spreading like good fire (16.05)Don also speaks about California Bill AB 642 which primarily codifies the definitions of cultural fire and incentivizes agencies to work with cultural burners to implement plans and enable Indigenous stewardship. Cultural fire progress (20.21)Don lists some challenges to advancing cultural fire - the criteria for declaring someone trained and the sensitivities around tribal sovereignty for that declaration. If someone is not exposed to cultural fire training, errors in the process could occur. Learning from fire (23.42)Don shares that if you are gentle with fire and approach it in a good way, you can learn from it, or you can learn the lessons the hard way. Thinking about the reasons for burning helps look for learning opportunities in burning. Don’s approach to burning changes according to the requirement, but praying and acknowledging the land is always a part of it. Send in your comments and feedback to the hosts of this podcast via email: [email protected] and [email protected] If you liked this podcast, please check out YourForest podcast too, rate and review it on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook and tag a friend, and send your feedback and comments to [email protected]

Good Fire Podcast by Amy Cardinal Christianson and Matthew KristoffStories of Indigenous fire stewardship, cultural and social empowerment, and environmental integrity Episode highlightIn this episode, Ntando Nondo talks about Indigenous land stewardship and fire management practices in Zimbabwe.ResourcesNtando Nondo’s ProfileSouthern Africa Fire Network (SAFNET)SponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:●       California Indian Water Commission●       Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes42.08 - 42.16: “If there is a fire, you better use the little water you have to save your property.” TakeawaysFire management strategies (05.49)Ntando shares that the fire management plan involves protecting the ecological regions depending on the amount of rainfall received, the wildlife living in the region and the kind of farming done there.  The many uses and sources of fire (12.45)For Indigenous peoples, fire is the primary source of energy and a cultural entity. Wildland fires can be started by a locomotive, electrical faults, or lightning.Good fire (19.30)Ntando explains that previously, communities were in charge of fire management on their own lands but fire now has regulations associated with it. They do their burning in designated areas ahead of the fire season, to reduce the fuel available to burn and reduce fire intensity. Indigenous partnership with the government (25.58)The 15+ Indigenous groups in Zimbabwe manage their lands on a day-to-day basis in consultation with the government. Coming together to avert disasters (33.39)Zimbabwe is a member of the Southern Africa Fire Network (SAFNET), a voluntary organization that shares strategies on fire management and developments across borders using remote sensing to alert neighbouring countries. Beating the fires (39.26)Ntando describes a fire beater as a wooden stick of 1.5m to 2m with a 40 X 60 cm piece of rubber on one end used to beat the fire grounds to remove oxygen from the fire. They also use sprayers, sprinklers and other tools to disperse chemicals and water. Prepare for the worst, expect the best (43.29)Ntando recalls the 2010 fire in the Midlands province lasted for 3 days, killing 7 elephants and several donkeys and domesticated animals. Fire breaks allow for effective demarcation of lands and timely fire management before the entire community is affected. Fire then and now (47.01)Ntando observes that fire used for indoor purposes like cooking or cultural ceremonies continues, but fire outside the home or in agriculture is restricted, especially during Zimbabwe’s fire season from 31st July to 31st October. He envisions consulting with Indigenous communities on fire management so that the fire can continue to play a central role in their culture. The future of fire (55.06)Satellite technology and remote sensing can be helpful in presenting a graphical summary of the success of fire management plans and inform further refinements to the plan. Send in your comments and feedback to the hosts of this podcast via email: [email protected] and [email protected]

Episode highlightIn this episode, Ntando Nondo talks about Indigenous land stewardship and fire management practices in Zimbabwe.ResourcesNtando Nondo’s ProfileSouthern Africa Fire Network (SAFNET)SponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:●       California Indian Water Commission●       Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes42.08 - 42.16: “If there is a fire, you better use the little water you have to save your property.” TakeawaysFire management strategies (05.49)Ntando shares that the fire management plan involves protecting the ecological regions depending on the amount of rainfall received, the wildlife living in the region and the kind of farming done there.  The many uses and sources of fire (12.45)For Indigenous peoples, fire is the primary source of energy and a cultural entity. Wildland fires can be started by a locomotive, electrical faults, or lightning.Good fire (19.30)Ntando explains that previously, communities were in charge of fire management on their own lands but fire now has regulations associated with it. They do their burning in designated areas ahead of the fire season, to reduce the fuel available to burn and reduce fire intensity. Indigenous partnership with the government (25.58)The 15+ Indigenous groups in Zimbabwe manage their lands on a day-to-day basis in consultation with the government. Coming together to avert disasters (33.39)Zimbabwe is a member of the Southern Africa Fire Network (SAFNET), a voluntary organization that shares strategies on fire management and developments across borders using remote sensing to alert neighbouring countries. Beating the fires (39.26)Ntando describes a fire beater as a wooden stick with a 4X6cm piece of rubber on one end used to beat the fire grounds to remove oxygen from the fire. They also use sprayers, sprinklers and other tools to disperse chemicals and water. Prepare for the worst, expect the best (43.29)Ntando recalls the 2010 fire in the Midlands province lasted for 3 days, killing 7 elephants and several donkeys and domesticated animals. Fire breaks allow for effective demarcation of lands and timely fire management before the entire community is affected. Fire then and now (47.01)Ntando observes that fire used for indoor purposes like cooking or cultural ceremonies continues, but fire outside the home or in agriculture is restricted, especially during Zimbabwe’s fire season from 31st July to 31st October. He envisions consulting with Indigenous communities on fire management so that the fire can continue to play a central role in their culture. The future of fire (55.06)Satellite technology and remote sensing can be helpful in presenting a graphical summary of the success of fire management plans and inform further refinements to the plan. Send in your comments and feedback to the hosts of this podcast via email: [email protected] and [email protected]

Episode highlightIn this episode, Russell Myers Ross and William Nikolakis speak about the work of the Gathering Voices Society on revitalizing traditional fire management in Tsilhqot’in Territory and the potential around carbon offsets.ResourcesRussell Myers Ross’ StoryWilliam Nikolakis’ ProfileGathering Voices SocietyThe North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance Ltd (NAILSMA)Intact FoundationWildfire governance in a changing world: Insights for policy learning and policy transferGoal setting and Indigenous fire management: a holistic perspectiveSponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:●       California Indian Water Commission●       Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationTakeawaysValuing Indigenous knowledge and experience (7.59)Will created the Gathering Voices Society to support “a stewardship model, where First Nations manage the land in ways that are consistent with their values for their own goals and their own ways”. Practical action (10.54)Will shares that their goal is to support the community by employing people for the fire programs, and they are guided by their motto to learn by doing. Cultural burning can involve everyone in the community, not just firefighters, to begin seeing fire as a friend.Learning by doing (14.58)Will met Russ at a governance conference in 2015. They hosted Victor Steffensen in 2018 for knowledge exchange on different ways of practising cultural burning which led to them doing their first spring burn in 2019. Balancing benefits, mitigating effects (25.07)Even though many people hold misconceptions about cultural burning, Russ knows that the benefits will be visible in due time, and healthy land can be enjoyed by all. The community has been excited about reconnecting to the land and the energy is infectious. 2017 wildfires (33.52)The Gathering Voices Society has secured funding to finance the fire stewardship in Russ’ community. Russ speaks about the aftermath of the 2017 wildfires and the hope for development and education in this space ever since. Changing the world, one fire at a time (42.37)Will and Russ discuss the different tools used in cultural burning. Other communities are looking to him for inspiration on land management today. Will is working towards compiling scientific evidence of the validity and importance of this practice.Carbon (48.56)Will talks about working with NAILSMA, where they witnessed the growth of well-documented formal Indigenous fire programs that are groundbreaking in understanding the effect of fire across the landscape.Passing on the torch (54.46)Russ states that piloting the program in the community was important to measure practicality and interest, and they are now planning on how it can be expanded. He envisions this work to be intergenerational, keeping the community immersed in the knowledge. Send in your comments and feedback to the hosts of this podcast via email: [email protected] and [email protected]

Good Fire Podcast by Amy Cardinal Christianson and Matthew KristoffStories of Indigenous fire stewardship, cultural empowerment and environmental integrityEpisode highlightIn this episode, Ron W. Goode talks about his journey stewarding the land using fire and the importance of ceremony.  ResourcesRon Goode’s ProfileTribal-Traditional Ecological Knowledge SponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:●       California Indian Water Commission●       Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes46.26 - 46.29: “Your voice is not carrying but you keep singing”. TakeawaysLiving on the land (4.37)Ron is the Tribal Chairman of the North Fork Mono Tribe. He describes how his grandparents were born before the land was colonized, and his grandmother lived just off the land beyond the age of 100. Understanding nature (7.24)Ron points out that there are 10,000 meadows in the Sierra Nevada mountain ranges in California, where wild animals and humans coexist. They also have natural medicines they prepare and trade. Tending the garden (16.12)Ron laments that mega-fires have increased the canopy of the forest so much that rain does not reach the roots of trees, and what does hit the floor, runs off. Thinning the forest thus plays an important part in keeping the forest healthy.  The right way to do a cultural burn (23.34)Ron is mindful to burn using the right techniques, in the right area and during the right season. A cultural burn will not burn the root system, but a wildfire does. Cultural resources are the brush (31.37)When Ron does a burn, he has a vision of what the landscape will look like a few years from now, and what harvest will be ready.  “We don’t do anything that is not spiritual first” (40.23)Working on the landscape means making an offering to Mother Earth and all its inhabitants. Ron shares that when an offering is made from the spirit, all of nature responds well to it.  Fire is ceremonial (49.43)Ron explains that cultural fire is called ceremonial fire because it begins with a prayer or song. They have been successfully burning on the land with no real accidents.Consultation is the way forward (56.21)The California government has been charged with creating a strategic plan for natural resources and is hiring a tribal liaison for each tribe. However, consultation becomes complicated with the hiring of non-tribal liaisons who do not have a connection to the tribe. “I’m burning for the sustainability of our culture” (1.00.39)Ron burns with the intention to sustain his culture first and then to contain wildfires and improve biodiversity. Take care of your backyard (1.10.20)Ron shares his experiences with Aboriginal leaders in Australia, exchanging knowledge and cultural guidance. Send in your comments and feedback to the hosts of this podcast via email: [email protected] and [email protected]

Hosted by Amy Cardinal Christianson, and Matthew Kristoff. Amy is a Métis woman from Treaty 8 territory, currently living in Treaty 6, and a research scientist with the Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada. Matthew grew up in Treaty 8 territory and now lives in Treaty 6. He is a forester in the province of Alberta, Canada and the creator of YourForest Podcast.Episode highlightIn this podcast, Bhiamie Williamson discusses the connection of Indigenous peoples to the land, and how cultural burning is a way to preserve the environment and cultural heritage. ResourcesStrength from perpetual grief: how Aboriginal people experience the bushfire crisisRoyal Commission into National Natural Disaster ArrangementsSponsorsThe Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire ScienceSupport from:● California Indian Water Commission● Firesticks Alliance Indigenous CorporationQuotes12.00 - 12.10: “There is so much trauma in our communities, people have never had the opportunity, I feel, to kind of pick themselves up and dust themselves off from colonization.”TakeawaysFire is a shared resource (5.58)As an Aboriginal child growing up in Australia surrounded by his culture, Bhiamie “always had a love for country”. He studied environmental and political sciences at university, and discovered the benefits of cultural burning. Land is at the center of healing (11.26)Bhiamie points out that fire plays an important role in Indigenous healing practices. Cultural burning can also prevent wildfires, thus preventing the trauma of losing ancestral lands.Sharing the load (19.04)Bhiamie has written an article that has inspired governments and agencies to provide trauma-informed support to Aboriginal peoples after natural disasters.The land is a living museum (24.42)Bhiamie informs that Aboriginal peoples have connections to land, and the animals, trees, stones, and petroglyphs are all part of the cultural heritage. “The best form of protecting is prevention” (30.22)Bhiamie recommends engaging Indigenous peoples in emergency management and prevention conversations which can help in high-pressure conditions. “Think ahead and be happy to be unsettled” (38.37)Bhiamie comments on the impacts of colonization and “centuries of oppression”, and the need to overturn it. True reconciliation (46.59)Bhiamie expresses his preference to have Indigenous peoples design their own emergency management programs across different lands in Australia.Children of the future (59.19)A majority of the Aboriginal population is young, which brings up the need to provide educational and developmental support along with family and social support. “It’s just not good enough to ignore us anymore” (1.02.37)Bhiamie observes that even when Indigenous peoples are invited to share their opinion, they are marginalized, with tokenized opportunities that contain the impact they can have. Indigenizing masculinity (1.08.41)Bhiamie’s Ph.D. research is on Indigenous men and masculinity, exploring masculinity from an Indigenous perspective. “You can call that decolonization, I just call that common sense” (1.14.13)In Bhiamie’s opinion, the first step to decolonization is to employ Indigenous peoples in senior roles. Land justice and repossession by Indigenous peoples, as well as cultural burning to manage climate change, are the next steps. You can get in touch with the hosts of this podcast via email: [email protected] and [email protected]