生物漫游指南

这声鸟叫，真的是鸟吗？那个狗叫和猫叫是谁发出来的？怎么鸟还会发出激光枪和婴儿哭声？这期节目我们把话筒交给动物，盲听一下不同动物的声音：夜莺带着庞大曲库登场，琴鸟一开口就让人怀疑耳朵，顶着骷髅纹的飞蛾也来亮嗓，后面还有把落叶当乐器的狼蛛，以及越唱越热闹的家庭合唱……而这些或好听，或奇妙的声音，其实都是不同生物用来找对象、认家人、守地盘和传递警报的生存手段。把眼睛闭上，这回让耳朵逛动物园——谁才是你心目中的动物好声音？ 也欢迎把你印象深刻的动物声音和背后的故事分享给我们，一起共创后续的声音节目。想要讨论更多动物的声音欢迎加小导游进入听友群：bio_kiwi想要投稿音频文件，也可以加生物漫游小导游，或者发送至邮箱：[email protected] 在本期节目你将听到：00:51闭眼盲选开启，谁能让你为它转身05:04夜莺登场，一开嗓就是花式炫技09:31一只夜莺的曲库究竟能有多大14:21东方歌手画眉，也有丰富的唱腔17:20鸟类藏着人类学不来的唱歌技巧20:58城市太吵，鸟儿如何让歌声被听见25:22半吨重的海牛，竟然有一副尖嗓子28:12海牛宝宝用高音呼唤：妈妈来找我32:12听着像鸟叫，结果竟然是美洲狮35:34美洲狮的尖叫，听着竟然像人声37:01多才多艺的琴鸟怎么什么声音都有？41:51琴鸟模仿婴儿哭声，究竟为了什么46:19琴鸟搭舞台翻尾羽，唱跳一起上49:34雌性琴鸟也会口技，用声音保护巢穴52:43灰猫嘲鸫登场，天生就有一副猫嗓56:37食肉蝌蚪开口，发出拉链般的声音01:00:39骷髅天蛾登场，朋克造型配奇妙嗓音01:04:35偷蜜的天蛾，怎样伪造蜜蜂身份证01:08:07狼蛛把落叶当乐器，奏响求偶之歌01:13:07国宝开嗓，大熊猫竟然羊里羊气01:17:51笑翠鸟合唱，听着像反派集体坏笑01:21:09笑翠鸟全家带娃，笑声连起大家庭01:26:30帅气鹭鹤亮相，鸟儿也能汪汪叫01:36:15大狐猴的对唱竟然还藏着复杂节拍？01:41:32长臂猿的歌声真的那么哀伤吗01:46:46长臂猿听懂警报歌声，立刻戒备01:53:01好听之外，去理解珍惜和保护声音 本期提及的视频或图片：鸟类的鸣管结构：丑萌的海牛：海牛体型与声音的变化：琴鸟与里拉琴：琴鸟边跳舞边唱歌的视频（来自文献，需要往下翻翻）：https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(13)00581-2骷髅天蛾：“鸣叫狼蛛”与它的声音频率图：笑翠鸟（Shovel-billed kookaburra）：Kagu鸟/鹭鹤：长相神奇的大狐猴：大狐猴的复杂合唱：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxVYsAodZ6U长臂猿叫声的类型：长臂猿在正常情况（A）和遇到捕食者（B）的不同歌曲结构： 本期片尾曲：《山雀》万能青年旅店（纠结了好几首，感觉这首歌词还是相当契合的） 部分参考资料：Roth T, Sprau P, Schmidt R, et al. Sex-specific timing of mate searching and territory prospecting in the nightingale: nocturnal life of females[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009, 276(1664): 2045.Amrhein V, Korner P, Naguib M. Nocturnal and diurnal singing activity in the nightingale: correlations with mating status and breeding cycle[J]. Animal Behaviour, 2002, 64(6): 939-944.Jäckel D, Mortega K G, Brockmeyer U, et al. Unravelling the stability of nightingale song over time and space using open, citizen science and shared data[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2022, 10: 778610.Costalunga G, Carpena C S, Seltmann S, et al. Wild nightingales flexibly match whistle pitch in real time[J]. Current Biology, 2023, 33(15): 3169-3178. e3.Budka M. Thrush nightingales adjust the peak frequency and structure of their songs in response to different types of experimental noise[J]. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15(1): 2652.https://avifauna.hkbws.org.hk/species/0370/044200O'Shea T J, Poché Jr L B. Aspects of underwater sound communication in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)[J]. Journal of Mammalogy, 2006, 87(6): 1061-1071.Allen M L, Wang Y, Wilmers C C. Exploring the adaptive significance of five types of puma (Puma concolor) vocalizations[J]. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 2016, 130(4): 289-294.Dalziell A H, Maisey A C, Magrath R D, et al. Male lyrebirds create a complex acoustic illusion of a mobbing flock during courtship and copulation[J]. Current Biology, 2021, 31(9): 1970-1976. e4.Dalziell A H, Peters R A, Cockburn A, et al. Dance choreography is coordinated with song repertoire in a complex avian display[J]. Current Biology, 2013, 23(12): 1132-1135.Dalziell A H, Welbergen J A. Elaborate mimetic vocal displays by female superb lyrebirds[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2016, 4: 34.Kroodsma D E, Houlihan P W, Fallon P A, et al. Song development by grey catbirds[J]. Animal behaviour, 1997, 54(2): 457-464.Natale G S, Alcalde L, Herrera R, et al. Underwater acoustic communication in the macrophagic carnivorous larvae of Ceratophrys ornata (Anura: Ceratophryidae)[J]. Acta Zoologica, 2011, 92(1): 46-53.Brehm G, Fischer M, Gorb S, et al. The unique sound production of the Death’s-head hawkmoth (Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758)) revisited[J]. The Science of Nature, 2015, 102(7): 43.Sweger A L, Uetz G W. Characterizing the vibratory and acoustic signals of the “purring” wolf spider, Gladicosa gulosa (Araneae: Lycosidae)[J]. Bioacoustics, 2016, 25(3): 293-303.Legge S. Helper contributions in the cooperatively breeding laughing kookaburra: feeding young is no laughing matter[J]. Animal Behaviour, 2000, 59(5): 1009-1018.Baker M C. The chorus song of cooperatively breeding laughing kookaburras (Coraciiformes, Halcyonidae: Dacelo novaeguineae): characterization and comparison among groups[J]. Ethology, 2004, 110(1): 21-35.Jacko, the Broadcasting Kookaburra https://www.radioheritage.com/otsw/Jacko.htmlDe Gregorio C, Valente D, Raimondi T, et al. Categorical rhythms in a singing primate[J]. Current Biology, 2021, 31(20): R1379-R1380.Andrieu J, Penny S G, Bouchet H, et al. White-handed gibbons discriminate context-specific song compositions[J]. PeerJ, 2020, 8: e9477.在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

闻起来像臭袜子的臭豆腐，长满霉菌的毛豆腐，用牛胃里的呕吐物熬成的牛瘪火锅，还有散发着奇怪酸臭味的臭鳜鱼……这些让人又爱又恨的“黑暗料理”，究竟是人类的味觉冒险，还是隐藏着什么不为人知的美味密码？为什么有些食物闻起来令人退避三舍，吃起来却让人欲罢不能？这期节目我们一起开启一场横跨大江南北的黑暗料理漫谈。从长沙、绍兴、云南各具特色的臭豆腐，到湖北霉豆渣、贵州牛瘪火锅、云南苦撒、徽州臭鳜鱼，再到土笋冻、沙虫汤、海肠、螺蛳粉、折耳根和皮蛋，我们将从微生物发酵、蛋白质降解、气味分子、动物消化系统与人类感官等角度，揭开这些奇特美食背后的生命科学故事～ 加听友群一起聊聊不同的黑暗料理，可以加小导游：bio_kiwi 本期节目你将听到：00:04:01｜臭豆腐的三种流派，究竟有何不同？00:07:32｜长沙臭豆腐为什么有一身黑色外皮？00:12:01｜粪臭素与吲哚，臭味竟能变成花香？00:16:27｜绍兴臭苋菜梗，为何是发酵的好材料？00:20:09｜云南臭豆腐与安徽毛豆腐的发酵秘密00:25:12｜长满霉菌的豆腐，为什么反而更鲜美？00:30:29｜湖北霉豆渣，废弃豆渣如何变成美食？00:37:11｜牛瘪火锅与苦撒，牛胃里的黑暗料理00:42:17｜牛的四个胃，如何变成餐桌上的美味？00:48:16｜臭鳜鱼的秘密，鱼肉为什么越臭越鲜？00:53:58｜盐与微生物，如何共同塑造臭鳜鱼风味？00:59:30｜土笋冻与沙虫汤，海底蠕虫也能上桌01:04:15｜土笋冻的胶质与沙虫汤的鲜味从何而来？01:09:49｜海肠为什么脆？也许从肌肉结构寻找答案01:14:00｜螺蛳粉酸笋的臭味该如何深度剖析？01:19:48｜折耳根的鱼腥味，究竟来自什么分子？01:24:00｜为什么有人爱折耳根，有人却难以接受？01:28:00｜皮蛋不用煮熟，竟然也能凝固成形？01:33:27｜强碱如何改变鸡蛋里的蛋白质结构？01:38:57｜皮蛋的特殊气味，和其他臭味有何不同？ 如果想看图片或者视频可以看这里：【皮蛋的诞生！就是它让老外闻风丧胆？】 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1rw411e7kk/?share_source=copy_web&vd_source=244dd47aeb29bee47b8716c7d1166e78【没有它，螺蛳粉就没了灵魂！揭秘酸笋是怎样炼成的。】 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1e3zCBGEBr/?share_source=copy_web&vd_source=244dd47aeb29bee47b8716c7d1166e78【民间美食高手齐聚品质中国纪录片《舌尖上的中国》，制作一道似臭还香的徽式黄山臭鳜鱼】 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MB4y1a7jC/?share_source=copy_web&vd_source=244dd47aeb29bee47b8716c7d1166e78【平凡的豆渣经巧手变身“金砖”，藏于山谷间的豆腐坊里散发着令人难忘的鲜香滋味。】 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DuLCzFEbt/?share_source=copy_web&vd_source=244dd47aeb29bee47b8716c7d1166e78长沙臭豆腐与绍兴臭豆腐：文献中长沙臭豆腐卤水制作过程：臭苋菜梗：云南臭豆腐与安徽毛豆腐：青方臭豆腐：折耳根与茅根：评估下折耳根根与叶的气味得分：牛和羊遇到折耳根和红薯叶的态度：牛的胃部结构：牛的胃部结构（食物版本，从左到右、从上到下，分别对应瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃）：土笋冻、沙虫汤与海肠捞饭：上面3种美食的食材：海肠的捕食方式： 片头曲：游戏《塞尔达·旷野之息》做饭成功音效片尾曲：恶搞改编《Beat it》的《Eat it》 本期参考资料：臭豆腐：发酵菌群与臭味分子[1] 颜琰, 杨朔, 蒋立文, 等. 臭豆腐卤水发酵过程主要风味物质及其细菌菌群分析[J]. China Brewing, 2025, 44(6): 123.[2] TANG H, LI P, CHEN L, et al. The formation mechanisms of key flavor substances in stinky tofu brine based on metabolism of aromatic amino acids[J]. Food Chemistry, 2022, 392: 133253. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133253.[3] TIAN H, CHENG J, LI L, et al. Microbial diversity and aroma profile variations in stinky tofu across different regions[J]. Food Bioscience, 2024, 60: 104506. DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104506.臭鳜鱼：为什么越臭越鲜？[4] CHEN J N, ZHANG Y Y, HUANG X H, et al. Integrated volatolomics and metabolomics analysis reveals the characteristic flavor formation in Chouguiyu, a traditional fermented mandarin fish of China[J]. Food Chemistry, 2023, 418: 135874. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135874.螺蛳粉：酸笋的特殊气味[5] LI S, TIAN Y, SUN M, et al. Characterization of key aroma compounds in fermented bamboo shoots using gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry, odor activity values, and aroma recombination experiments[J]. Foods, 2022, 11(14): 2106. DOI: 10.3390/foods11142106.折耳根：鱼腥味究竟从何而来？[6] Xu Z, Liu J, Kreissl J, et al. Characterization of the major odor-active compounds in fresh rhizomes and leaves of Houttuynia cordata by comparative aroma extract dilution analysis[J]. Foods, 2025, 14(13): 2303.[7] Key odorant identification confirms 3-oxododecanal as the most important contributor to the characteristic aroma of fresh rhizomes and leaves of Houttuynia cordata[J]. Foods, 2025, 14(18): 3147. DOI: 10.3390/foods14183147.沙虫与土笋冻：海洋无脊椎动物的鲜味[8] Liu Y, Qiu C. Calculated taste activity values and umami equivalences explain why dried sha-chong (Sipunculus nudus) is a valuable condiment[J]. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2016, 25(2): 177-184.[9] Cai H, Su D, Luo A, et al. Molecular defense strategy of volatile organic compound-emitting plants (order Piperales) against herbivorous mammals[J]. Communications Biology, 2025, 9(1): 19.皮蛋：不加热也能凝固的蛋白质[10] CAI J, SWEENEY A M. The proof is in the pidan: Generalizing proteins as patchy particles[J]. ACS Central Science, 2018, 4(7): 840-853. DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00187.[11] Yang Y, Zhao Y, Xu M, et al. Changes in physico-chemical properties, microstructure and intermolecular force of preserved egg yolk gels during pickling[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2019, 89: 131-142. 在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

如果有人告诉你，科学家会认真研究：“怎么擤鼻涕最有效”“踩蛇的哪个部位最容易被咬”“怎样尿尿才不容易溅出来”，甚至还会把上千条内裤埋进土里——你可能会以为这是什么整活节目。但这些不仅是真实发表过的科学研究，其中不少还登上了不错的学术期刊。2026 年第36届第一次搞笑诺贝尔奖又一次把这些“第一眼让人满头问号”的研究搬上了领奖台：蟑螂真的会产“奶”吗？尼安德特人会不会接吻？有钱人真的更容易顺走给小朋友准备的糖果？今年的获奖名单，依旧精准地踩在“这也值得研究？”和“等等，好像真的挺有道理”之间。但搞笑诺贝尔奖最好玩的地方，从来不只是猎奇。有人为了搞清楚毒蛇什么时候最容易攻击，亲自踩了四万多次蛇；有人发现蚊子的口器可能比昂贵的工业喷嘴更适合高精度 3D 打印；还有人用内裤的腐烂程度，把看不见摸不着的土壤生态变成人人都能参与的公民科学实验。这一期，我们继续一年一度的传统，从这些看起来最不正经的问题里，找出最正经的科学——以及看看科学家究竟能把日常生活研究到多离谱。 本期节目我们将在评论区抽取三位（评论写得精彩的）幸运观众，送出搞笑诺贝尔奖同款500亿大奖！评论截止时间为北京时间9月17日晚上八点。 加听友群一起分享奇怪科学研究，可以加小导游：bio_kiwi 如果你还想了解更多搞笑诺贝尔奖（注意每期都含巨量笑声）：2025年奖项：特氟龙减肥、蜥蜴吃披萨、量了35年指甲等2024年奖项·上：鸽子开导弹、植物模仿塑料等2024年奖项·下：死鳟鱼会游泳、肛门可以呼吸、虚假百岁老人等本期节目你将听到：01:21 第36届第一次搞笑诺贝尔奖：什么研究才能让人“先笑，然后再思考”？04:12 搞笑诺贝尔奖每年固定环节：颁奖礼到底有多野？08:25 为什么奖金是 10 万亿津巴布韦币？以及今年赶人下台的“三个香蕉校长”13:14 💋 生物力学奖：到底什么才算“接吻”？动物界也需要一个严格定义18:40 尼安德特人会接吻吗？大猿的2000 多万年的“亲吻进化史”25:21 🍬 经济学奖：觉得自己阶层更高的人，真的更容易偷走小朋友的糖吗？32:32 😈 和平奖：为什么我们有时反而希望自己的朋友“坏一点”？38:30 🪳🥛 化学奖：蟑螂居然会产“奶”，而且营养密度高得离谱？43:25 蟑螂奶为什么会在胚胎肠道里变成“晶体”？51:14 不只是哺乳动物会“产奶”：鸟类、蜘蛛以及动物界千奇百怪的育儿方式55:23 🤧 医学奖：一个研究了一辈子“怎么擤鼻涕”的科学家01:07:33 🐍 生物学奖：亲自踩毒蛇四万多次，只为搞清楚蛇什么时候最容易咬人01:16:29 一篇获奖论文为什么被撤稿？“踩蛇实验”背后的动物伦理与程序合规01:19:29 🚽 物理学奖：向前一小步真的能文明一大步——小便池为什么会飞溅？01:31:23 🦟 技术奖：不用仿生了，直接把蚊子嘴装到 3D 打印机上01:43:28 🩲 土壤科学奖：把 2000 条内裤埋进土里，居然真的能测土壤健康02:03:17 👶 嗅觉奖：为什么父母觉得婴儿香香的，孩子到了青春期就没那么香了？02:09:46 吃大蒜会让体味更迷人？“一见如故”的朋友甚至可能闻起来更像？02:13:13 今年哪个奖最离谱？我们能不能自己搞个实验，冲击未来的搞笑诺贝尔奖 如果想看图片可以看这里：2026年第36届第一次搞笑诺贝尔奖奖杯：今年搞笑诺奖的三个香蕉人校长：颁奖典礼上嘲讽川普的幻灯片：看似接吻，实际上不符合接吻定义的接吻：看似接吻，确实符合接吻定义的接吻：生物力学奖演讲时的混乱画面：蟑螂中肠内结晶的奶：挤压蟑螂中肠漏出来的奶：视频：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mu0vtRZMuIM&t=6s蟑螂分泌的奶的分子结构：海野德二测试擤鼻涕的装置：生物学奖获奖者给诺奖获奖者送礼物：模拟小便撞击不同角度的固体：基于模拟实验设计的新的小便池（右一二）：传统小便池和新设计小便池尿液飞溅情况：蜘蛛尸体机器人（Necrobotics）：鳗鱼尸体机器人：用蚊子嘴构建的尸体打印（Necroprinting）：经过2个月土壤掩埋的内裤：不同腐烂程度的内裤：内裤埋藏实验实拍图：寄给每位参与者的实验用品和步骤示意图：内裤埋藏实验全瑞士分布点：内裤指数与茶包指数：诺贝尔奖获得者亲自穿上内裤：土壤科学奖获奖人的装扮： 本期参考资料：第36届第一次搞笑诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4l-zFWZCS0获奖人及相关参考文献：https://improbable.com/ig/winners/在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

本期节目是我们与「火象三傻妙妙屋」的串台节目！很高兴和Mikasa老师一起聊聊宝可梦系列在2026年的创新作品《Pokémon Pokopia》。很多人把这个游戏叫做“创宝森”，是因为它结合了《创世小玩家》、《宝可梦》以及《动物森友会》的玩法。创宝森一改以往宝可梦系列使用宝可梦作战的玩法，变成了帮助宝可梦盖房子和提升居住质量。故事从有一天人类离开地球讲起……地球会变成什么样？留下来的宝可梦该如何生存？在这个游戏里，玩家扮演一只变成人类模样的百变怪，需要重新修复荒废的土地，创造适合不同宝可梦生活的栖息地。于是这一期，我们沿着游戏里的每一个地图，聊聊：🌱 为什么创造一个好的环境，真的可以吸引生物回来？🌊 为什么往海里丢废弃地铁车厢，反而可能帮助恢复生态？🐙 百变怪的变形能力，在现实世界有没有对应的“伪装大师”？🏜️ 干巴巴荒野为什么需要恢复湿度？呆呆兽为什么可以求雨？🌋 火山灰覆盖的土地，为什么也能成为新的生命家园？🦇 废弃矿洞为什么会成为蝙蝠等动物的新栖息地？以及：如果人类真的离开地球200年，再次回来时，我们看到的会是一个怎样的世界？ 想加听友群，请加小导游：bio_kiwi欢迎关注我们的新播客《生物故事》，听听关于生物科学发现和发展的故事最新一期的内容：基因治疗的悲剧，为什么总在重演？｜基因治疗AB面 【本期节目您将听到】03:26｜宝可梦真的在招博士？《宝可梦生态图鉴》背后的生物学家09:51｜游戏核心玩法：“收集栖息地”与现实的纽约地铁人工鱼礁16:58｜百变怪有现实原型吗？章鱼与拟态章鱼的模仿术19:30｜第一站「干巴巴荒野」：百年大旱后的浅红市23:31｜呆呆兽求雨：动物怎样在沙地和泥地行走？29:11｜杰尼龟、小火龙、妙蛙种子在现实中分别像什么？32:16｜进入「突隆隆山地」：火山灰与废弃矿洞生态40:21｜谁会住在温泉里？日本猕猴、温泉蛙与小火烈鸟47:38｜耐高温的生物们：庞贝蠕虫、古细菌和水熊虫59:04｜进入「暗沉沉海边」：百变怪开始“抗洪抢险”01:06:06｜波加曼清理淤泥：现实里真的有会制造“清洁泡泡”的青动物吗？01:10:43｜破破袋的回收技能、磁性细菌与现实中的塑料降解生物01:19:22｜长眠的卡比兽：北极地松鼠的冬眠、肺鱼的夏眠01:28:44｜卡比兽身上的苔藓，让人想到树懒01:31:28｜让「浅浅丘」重新发光：会发光的生物没想到这么多01:38:16｜进入「闪亮亮空岛」：如果人类真的消失，生态会怎样？01:45:21｜人类不一定是生态反派：现实世界的“PC盒”种质资源库【本期节目提到的图片】废弃车厢构建的人造礁石（Redbird Reef）：章鱼的变形能力（相关视频可以看：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Em421s7RE）拟态章鱼的三种形态（左）和它模仿的原型（右），从上到下依次是比目鱼、狮子鱼和海蛇：在沙地上滚动前进的响尾蛇留下的痕迹：生活在红树林滩涂地上的弹涂鱼：《舌尖上的中国》里面的钓弹涂鱼：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE4m1977z超级巨大还发臭的大王花：卫星地图上河狸修的水坝：实际看到的河狸修的水坝：河狸的生存模式图：可以踩出泡泡的泡巢树蛙：可以喷出泡泡的沫蝉：疑似破破袋中存在着微生物之一，趋磁细菌：非洲肺鱼在旱季自己做的像个石头蛋一样的泥茧：几十岁的非洲肺鱼的体型可以超过1米：和卡比兽一样，身上带满了绿色植物的树懒： 【本期节目部分参考资料】[1] GUIDEN P W, BARBER N A, BLACKBURN R, et al. Effects of management outweigh effects of plant diversity on restored animal communities in tallgrass prairies[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021, 118(5): e2015421118. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015421118.[2] NORMAN M D, FINN J, TREGENZA T. Dynamic mimicry in an Indo-Malayan octopus[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2001, 268(1478): 1755-1758. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1708.[3] LI C, ZHANG T, GOLDMAN D I. A terradynamics of legged locomotion on granular media[J]. Science, 2013, 339(6126): 1408-1412. DOI: 10.1126/science.1229163.[4] MARVI H, GONG C, GRAVISH N, et al. Sidewinding with minimal slip: snake and robot ascent of sandy slopes[J]. Science, 2014, 346(6206): 224-229. DOI: 10.1126/science.1255718.[5] PACE C M, GIBB A C. Mudskipper pectoral fin kinematics in aquatic and terrestrial environments[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2009, 212(14): 2279-2286. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.029041.[6] TONIETTI L, ESPOSITO M, CASCONE M, et al. Unveiling the bioleaching versatility of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans[J]. Microorganisms, 2024, 12(12): 2407. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12122407.[7] HAMME R C, WEBLEY P W, CRAWFORD W R, et al. Volcanic ash fuels anomalous plankton bloom in subarctic northeast Pacific[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2010, 37(19): L19604. DOI: 10.1029/2010GL044629.[8] ZHANG P, WATANABE K, EISHI T. Habitual hot-spring bathing by a group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in their natural habitat[J]. American Journal of Primatology, 2007, 69(12): 1425-1430. DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20454.[9] TAKESHITA R S C, BERCOVITCH F B, KINOSHITA K, et al. Beneficial effect of hot spring bathing on stress levels in Japanese macaques[J]. Primates, 2018, 59(3): 215-225. DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-0655-x.[10] KOMAKI S, LAU Q, IGAWA T. Living in a Japanese onsen: field observations and physiological measurements of hot spring amphibian tadpoles, Buergeria japonica[J]. Amphibia-Reptilia, 2016, 37(3): 311-314. 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如果自然界也办一场“声音达人秀”，谁能拿下最大嗓门？谁又会凭最离谱的发声方式晋级下一轮？有的动物把身体改造成巨大的共鸣箱，有的靠摩擦、敲击甚至高速震动制造声音，还有一些看起来平平无奇的小家伙，发出的动静却大到完全配不上自己的体型。更有意思的是，它们费尽心思把自己变得这么“吵”，很多时候并不是为了吓人——可能是在求偶、宣示地盘、寻找同伴，甚至只是在告诉别人：“我在这里。”而真正有趣的，或许还不是“谁最响”，而是动物究竟能想出多少种办法让自己被听见。没有一副好嗓子怎么办？那就改造身体、借用环境，甚至干脆把翅膀、牙齿、骨骼、肌肉乃至周围的树叶和洞穴都变成乐器与扩音器。从陆地到天空，再潜入海洋，这一期节目，我们来办一场动物声音达人秀，我们一边听声音、猜选手，一边拆解这些千奇百怪的发声机关，看看为什么声音会在演化中被推向如此夸张的极端。 欢迎关注我们的新播客《生物故事》，听听关于生物科学发现和发展的故事最新一期的内容：基因治疗的悲剧，为什么总在重演？｜基因治疗AB面 加听友群请加小导游：bio_kiwi 时间点：00:14 生物声学系列再开启：今天来聊自然界里最“吵”的生物03:16 枪虾登场：一只小虾如何制造超过 200 分贝的巨响？07:30 枪虾真正的“开枪”原理：高速水流、气泡空化与爆炸声11:43 抹香鲸的咔嗒声：目前记录中最响的动物声音之一14:28 抹香鲸的大脑袋里装了什么？一套由脂肪组成的声学聚焦系统17:34 夏日噪音制造机——蝉：身体本身就是一台共振音箱21:09 蝉真的要在地下蛰伏 13 年、17 年吗？周期蝉的常见误解23:34 陆地最强“大嗓门”之一：吼猴自带低音炮的巨大舌骨29:01 狮吼为什么这么有穿透力？狮子的特殊声带与声音里的“情报”32:40 世界最吵的鸟之一：白钟伞鸟与被性选择推向极端的叫声36:51 尖叫皮哈鸟：纪录片里的经典雨林音效与“雨林好声音”43:01 进入“声音达人秀”：动物到底还能用哪些奇怪方式发声？45:13 赤鹿的伸缩声带：发情时一路下沉到胸口的“低音神器”48:44 象鼻海豹：把鼻子充成共鸣腔，发出柴油发动机般的声音52:27 小动物怎么制造大声音？昆虫的“琴弓—琴弦”摩擦发声55:27 只有 2 毫米却能叫到近 100 分贝：小划蝽的惊人世界纪录59:47 自带工具的树蟋：在树叶上开个洞，把整片叶子变成扩音器01:04:11 蝼蛄的地下声学建筑：亲手挖出一座喇叭形“演奏厅”01:07:42 鸮鹦鹉的低音炮求偶：挖一个“低音碗”，让叫声传出几公里01:12:11 鸮鹦鹉为何几年才繁殖一次？食物、性别比例与濒危保护01:17:39 鸟类不一定靠嗓子：把翅膀变成“小提琴”的摩擦发声01:21:21 披肩榛鸡的“空气鼓”：疯狂拍翅制造低沉的音爆01:25:40 声音进入海洋：为什么水下声音比空气中传得更快、更远？01:30:55 鱼类的声音世界：发声能力竟然独立演化了几十次01:37:47 小丑鱼怎么发声？用韧带储能，让下颌和牙齿“啪”地撞在一起01:41:30 澳洲龙虾也会“拉小提琴”：触角摩擦产生的吱呀声01:44:00 搞笑诺贝尔名场面：鲱鱼靠“放屁”保持夜间队形01:49:05 南极海底的科幻音效：威德尔海豹的“激光枪”和“UFO”叫声01:52:28 从动物声音到仿生学：蝉、枪虾和小丑鱼如何启发工程设计01:56:11 用声音给整个太平洋“测体温”：深海声道与海洋气候监测 提及的图片资料：枪虾的外形：枪虾钳子的结构：枪虾发出声音的同时发出的炫光：抹香鲸头部的结构：抹香鲸及其头骨结构：蝉的发声结构：吼猴及其头骨的正面和背面观：白钟伞鸟：雄性赤鹿发出声音时声带的变化：北象鼻海豹：在树叶上发声的雪树蟋：在地底构建“音乐厅”发声的蝼蛄：棒翼跳舞鸟（梅花翅娇鹟）：披肩榛鸡：鲸头鹳：澳洲龙虾的发声结构： 本期片尾曲：Louis Armstrong - What a Wonderful World 本期音效主要来源，感兴趣可自查：昆虫音效：https://songsofinsects.com/鸟类音效：https://xeno-canto.org/海洋生物音效：https://dosits.org/ 本期主要参考资料：Versluis M, Schmitz B, Von der Heydt A, et al. How snapping shrimp snap: through cavitating bubbles[J]. Science, 2000, 289(5487): 2114-2117.Lohse D, Schmitz B, Versluis M. Snapping shrimp make flashing bubbles[J]. Nature, 2001, 413(6855): 477-478.Møhl B, Wahlberg M, Madsen P T, et al. Sperm whale clicks: Directionality and source level revisited[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2000, 107(1): 638-648.Dunn J C, Halenar L B, Davies T G, et al. Evolutionary trade-off between vocal tract and testes dimensions in howler monkeys[J]. Current Biology, 2015, 25(21): 2839-2844.Sueur J, Mackie D, Windmill J F C. So small, so loud: extremely high sound pressure level from a pygmy aquatic insect (Corixidae, Micronectinae)[J]. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(6): e21089.Podos J, Cohn-Haft M. Extremely loud mating songs at close range in white bellbirds[J]. Current Biology, 2019, 29(20): R1068-R1069.Klemuk S A, Riede T, Walsh E J, et al. Adapted to roar: functional morphology of tiger and lion vocal folds[J]. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(11): e27029.Mathevon N, Casey C, Reichmuth C, et al. Northern elephant seals memorize the rhythm and timbre of their rivals' voices[J]. Current Biology, 2017, 27(15): 2352-2356.Reby D, McComb K. Anatomical constraints generate honesty: acoustic cues to age and weight in the roars of red deer stags[J]. Animal Behaviour, 2003, 65(3): 519-530.Rice A N, Farina S C, Makowski A J, et al. Evolutionary patterns in sound production across fishes[J]. Ichthyology & Herpetology, 2022, 110(1): 1-12.在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

“能力越大，责任越大”——这句经典的台词塑造了我们熟知的蜘蛛侠，但你是否好奇过，从生命科学的角度来看，成为蜘蛛侠到底有多难？ 今天这期《生物漫游指南》中，我们一起用硬核的生物学与物理学原理，为你深度解构蜘蛛侠的超能力：被转基因或放射性蜘蛛咬一口，真的能把蜘蛛的DNA转移到人体内发生基因变异吗？为什么蜘蛛侠在摩天大楼之间靠蛛丝做钟摆运动时，肩膀承受着惊人的拉力却没有脱臼脱离？蜘蛛侠又为什么可以在大楼上飞檐走壁呢？如果蜘蛛侠能自由地释放蛛丝，他身上得带着多少蛛丝呢？我们一起用生命科学角度一起聊聊蜘蛛侠里的生物吧～ 加听友群请加小导游：bio_kiwi 本期节目，我们将在8月6日20:00抽取评论区的听友，送上当地电影院《蜘蛛侠：崭新之日》电影票一张！ 时间点：02:29 三代真人蜘蛛侠大盘点：谁的超能力设定最符合“生物学”？07:30 被放射性蜘蛛咬伤，真的会让人获得超能力吗？11:42 现实生活中被剧毒蜘蛛咬伤，你的身体到底会发生什么？13:30 真实的“基因篡改”大师：寄生蜂与病毒如何改变宿主基因17:24 蜘蛛的超级力量解析：“平方立方率”与奥特曼身型悖论22:30 蜘蛛惊人弹跳力的真正秘诀：独特的体液加压系统26:10 钟摆运动的物理计算：蛛丝摆荡为什么会对肩关节极其不友好？28:18 飞檐走壁的微观奥秘：成千上万根细毛与“范德华力”34:19 表面积与体重的博弈：人类想靠粘附力爬墙，需要把全身40%变成防滑垫？36:39 蜘蛛感应的科学真相：极度灵敏的听觉神经（听毛）与裂缝感受器42:43 蜘蛛的超强视觉与人类大脑应对危险的本能防御机制46:52 蛛丝的力学奇迹：媲美钢材的强度、韧性与从液态到固态的奇妙转换55:10 沉重的生物代价：大量吐丝会导致身体被掏空？一天需要吃几百个鸡蛋！01:01:35 现实世界的科技版蜘蛛侠指南：微流控、外骨骼和体外设备 本期提及图片：《Amazing Fantasy》第 15 期中的放射性蜘蛛咬伤画面：2002 年电影中的咬伤画面：《Amazing Fantasy》第 15 期中蜘蛛侠释放蛛丝的装置：蜘蛛不同蛛丝的分类与功能： 本期设计的BGM：漫威系列电影片头蜘蛛侠系列电影片段电影《蜘蛛侠：平行宇宙》情感主题曲 - Let Go 本期参考文献：[1] Marvel, “Spider-Man: Brand New Day” 官方影片页与预告；Sony 中国，2026 年 7 月 29 日中国内地上映信息。https://www.marvel.com/movies/spider-man-brand-new-day；https://www.sony.com.cn/content/sonyportal/zh-cn/cms/newscenter/corporate/2026/20260711-02.html[2] Marvel 官方银幕人物资料：Peter Parker／Spider-Man。https://www.marvel.com/characters/spider-man-peter-parker/on-screen[3] Marvel, Amazing Fantasy (1962) 系列页；Spider-Man 漫画人物资料。https://www.marvel.com/comics/series/2987/amazing_fantasy_%281962%29；https://www.marvel.com/characters/spider-man-peter-parker/in-comics[4] American Humane, Spider-Man (2002) 拍摄动物记录。https://www.americanhumane.org/production/spider-man/[5] World Health Organization. Public-health significance of urban pests／International Medical Guide for Ships：蜘蛛咬伤相关章节。https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/69223/WHO_CDS_NTD_WHOPES_GCDPP_2006.1_eng.pdf[6] Lüddecke T, et al. Spider Venom: Components, Modes of Action, and Novel Strategies in Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses. Toxins. 2019;11:611. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6832493/[7] Zelezetsky I, et al. A Review on Genotoxic and Genoprotective Effects of Biologically Active Compounds of Animal Origin. Toxins. 2023. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9961038/[8] Bracovirus—寄生蜂—鳞翅目宿主整合与免疫抑制研究。https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10749342/；https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01623-8[9] Wang D, et al. Viral vector platforms within the gene therapy landscape. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2021. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00487-6；AAV persistence review：https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5399733/[10] Burd M, et al. Large ants do not carry their fair share: maximal load-carrying performance of leaf-cutter ants. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31138634/[11] Keller RA, et al. The loss of flight in ant workers enabled an evolutionary redesign of the thorax for ground labour. Frontiers in Zoology. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33088333/[12] Weihmann T, et al. Hydraulic leg extension is not necessarily the main drive in large spiders. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2012. https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/215/4/578/11117/[13] Brandt EE, et al. Jump takeoff in a small jumping spider. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33712882/；Nabawy MRA, et al. Energy and time optimal trajectories in exploratory jumps. Scientific Reports. 2018. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940701/[14] Kesel AB, et al. Getting a grip on spider attachment: an AFM approach to microstructure adhesion in arthropods. Smart Materials and Structures. 2004. 资料摘要：https://physicsworld.com/a/spiders-get-a-grip/[15] Labonte D, et al. Extreme positive allometry of animal adhesive pads and the size limits of adhesion-based climbing. PNAS. 2016. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4747726/[16] Barth FG. Spider senses—technical perfection and biology. Zoology. 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16351877/；Bathellier B, et al. Dynamics of spider trichobothria to natural stimuli. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1692475/[17] Barth FG. A spider in motion: facets of sensory guidance. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 2021. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8046691/[18] Zurek DB, Nelson XJ. Saccadic tracking of targets mediated by the anterior-lateral eyes of jumping spiders. 2012. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22457074/[19] De Agrò M, et al. Eye-specific detection and a multi-eye integration model of biological motion perception. 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欢迎来到我们的全新深度故事性节目——《生物故事》！这是一档全新的节目，我们讲述生物科学发现和发展的故事，未来我们关于生命科学的各种故事（中华/世界生科史，造假AB面等等）都会在这一档节目里更新，欢迎感兴趣的朋友们订阅收听！本期开门红，恰逢奶树自己以第一作者身份发表了《Science》杂志封面的文章，所以我们就一起来聊聊，属于奶树自己的“生物故事”。我们将目光投向五亿年前的脊椎动物祖先，没有下巴的“活化石”七鳃鳗。从遭遇同行抢发预印本的至暗时刻，到应对审稿人数十个细节追问的灵魂交锋，再到跨越数年历经延毕与痛风后，终于卸下重担的释然与平和，奶树都经历了什么。我们一起听听，那些写不进论文里的焦虑、坚持与灵光乍现，感受真实的科学故事的趣味和魅力。加听友群可以加小导游：bio_kiwi 时间点：01:21 新节目《生物故事》正式开播！02:40 为什么开新坑？讲硬核前沿故事04:41 奶树发Science封面文章了！09:35 追溯起源：复杂脑结构分区密码14:21 为什么研究没有下巴的七鳃鳗？18:47 课题背景：探索五亿年前脑起源33:13 演化辟谣：现生动物无高低之分34:48 什么是单细胞转录组技术38:10 天有不测风云：课题遭遇同行抢发47:43 组学数据带来的科研新范式探讨49:27 大胆想法：重构七鳃鳗3D大脑51:39 显微镜下的肉眼可见巨型神经元56:16 寻找小脑结构的起源01:00:02 跨越五亿年的八个物种比较01:04:31 走火入魔：看天上的云都像七鳃鳗01:06:13 核心发现：神经元的兼职与专职01:10:59 复杂系统同频：冗余与细分演化01:19:52 又爱又恨的审稿人01:25:55 演化研究困局与功能推断鸿沟01:30:37 回首至暗时刻：痛风、抢发与延毕01:33:23 发顶刊真实感受：更多是卸下重担 本期节目相关的图片：实验室中的雷氏七鳃鳗：七鳃鳗3D大脑图谱构建的过程：那朵很像七鳃鳗大脑的云和七鳃鳗大脑横切面： 文章中的其他图片：本期片尾曲：上海彩虹合唱团 - 《想要的一定实现》（也是奶树个人2022年的年度歌单top1的歌曲，祝大家想要的一定实现） 本期参考文献：在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

在这期节目我们将从算命的角度，带大家翻开消费级基因检测报告的内容，看看我们刻在DNA序列里的信息到底能算得多准。从探讨能否测算伴侣匹配度（求姻缘求子嗣）、长寿概率与潜在的心血管等疾病风险（求长寿求健康），到揭开见光打喷嚏、讨厌香菜、厌声症等身体小怪癖背后的遗传基础（算命也想不到还能算这些），我们还会追溯尼安德特人等古人类基因在我们身上留下的奇妙烙印。基因从来不是决定人生的绝对宿命，而是一份帮助我们优化生活方式、理解生命演化的小小指南，让我们一起用生命科学的角度，聊聊这份专属的生命盲盒！ 加听友群可以加小导游：bio_kiwi时间点：🧬 从“算命”切入：基因检测能算什么？01:15 从生命科学的角度聊聊“基因算命”到底靠谱吗？03:01 消费级检测普及，它能用来算生辰八字或测算姻缘吗？07:28 消费级基因检测与严肃医疗级检测的本质区别08:29 基因信息第一档：明确导致罕见单基因遗传病的突变。09:31 基因信息第二档：通过大数据统计得出的概率性疾病风险。11:05 基因信息第三档：样本量小、易被新研究推翻的“图一乐”结论。❤️ 基因算姻缘与子嗣：配偶、遗传病与身高教育13:08 求姻缘：著名的T恤实验与基于HLA免疫基因的相亲假说。18:40 荟萃分析辟谣：基于HLA基因差异来寻找伴侣其实站不住脚。19:49 HLA基因的真正医疗价值：避免过敏、检查自身免疫病。25:18 婚姻与出轨基因：从忠贞的草原田鼠与风流的山地田鼠说起。31:46 夫妻间的基因相似性：身高和受教育程度基因竟高度匹配。34:50 基因养育效应：父母未遗传给你的那一半基因也会影响教育成就。38:22 求子嗣：最靠谱的基因检测应用其实是隐性遗传病携带者筛查。43:33 地域特征遗传病：南方高发的地中海贫血症与疟疾的进化渊源。⏳ 基因算健康与长寿：患病风险、生活方式与代谢48:23 求长寿：搞笑诺贝尔奖揭露长寿村背后的年龄造假与社会因素。53:46 明星长寿基因FOXO3：让线虫寿命翻倍的经典衰老实验。01:02:47 APOE基因：与心血管疾病、阿尔茨海默症及长寿的复杂纠葛。01:11:05 检测的现实意义：提前知晓高血压风险并及时改变生活习惯。01:13:31 2型糖尿病与TCF7L2基因：生活方式的干预效果远超吃药。01:17:54 酒精代谢基因：东亚人喝酒容易上脸的生理机制与进化假说。01:21:47 咖啡因代谢差异：慢代谢人群喝太多咖啡容易导致心悸焦虑。🗺️ 基因算命理与演化：祖源分析与古人类渗入01:25:54 算命理：祖源分析是如何测算出南方汉族或北方汉族血统的？01:29:43 藏族人适应高海拔的基因，竟来源于已灭绝的丹尼索瓦人。01:31:56 尼安德特人的基因渗入如何影响现代人的痛觉与新冠重症风险。01:37:05 东亚人体貌特征：EDAR基因如何同时影响头发、牙齿和汗腺。01:38:31 挖耳屎的学问：为什么大部分东亚人是干耳屎且较少有狐臭。💡 “图一乐”的基因冷知识：财运、饮食与怪癖01:41:21 求财运：用基因来算风险偏好或者人格类型有几分可信度？01:47:20 奇特生理反应：见光打喷嚏的ACHOO综合征及远古进化假说。01:50:56 厌声症探秘：听到吧唧嘴就烦躁？也许真的有部分遗传基础。01:53:29 香菜厌恶者：为什么部分人闻香菜就像在吃肥皂的化学副产物。01:54:57 狂吃不胖的“瘦子基因”存在吗？ALK基因控制能量代谢的奥秘。02:00:51 懒得运动也怪基因？决定久坐不动的大部分基因竟在大脑回路。🛡️ 测序指南与数据安全02:06:58 选购避坑建议：不同价位基因产品的差异，及数据库的人群偏差。02:09:02 基因安全细思极恐：公开的族谱数据如何帮警方抓到连环杀手。02:11:56 科学看待报告：正确理解患病风险倍数，基因并非人生的全部。 本期提及的相关图片（我们的部分检测结果，供大家参考看看基因检测结果）： 部分提及参考文献：奶树部分：Walum H, Westberg L, Henningsson S, et al. 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欢迎做客生物漫游指南六一特别企划！这期我们将潜入比奇堡，用生命科学的视角重新看看我们的童年回忆（也不一定就是童年）——《海绵宝宝》。你好奇过吗？真实的深海海绵不仅会像人类一样“打喷嚏”，居然还能长出倒刺捕食吃肉 ？总被调侃不太聪明的派大星，其实根本找不到常识里的“头”？章鱼哥的单簧管为什么永远吹得那么难听？难道因为是他的脑子太多了？拥有“雨刷器眼睛”的蟹老板到底是哪种螃蟹？屡战屡败的痞老板，又凭什么被视作支撑整个真实海洋生态的最高统治者？从脑洞大开的海洋奇物志，到比基尼环礁的核爆往事，再到珊瑚礁白化后逐渐失去声音的生态警示。带上你的好奇心，和我们一起重返比奇堡，探索超乎想象的自然奥秘吧！ 加入听友群请加小导游：bio_kiwi本期评论区抽奖赠送，海绵宝宝的路人鱼盲盒，这里面甚至有只穿白大褂的：时间点：00:27 欢迎来到比奇堡：海绵宝宝的生物多样性05:38 海绵宝宝之父：从海洋生物老师到动画导演12:19 绝版漫画《潮间带》与海绵宝宝的原型前身18:32 真实海绵：没有组织器官的天然自动滤水仪23:29 海绵的奇妙行为：不靠肌肉也能打喷嚏排污26:59 吃肉的海绵：深海长满倒刺的竖琴海绵陷阱30:16 小蜗的原型：用非牛顿流体粘液走路的海蛞蝓36:29 海蛞蝓：偷吃毒素来武装自己的活体军火库41:48 抓水母的触电感：加速度五百多万G的刺细胞46:49 派大星的头在哪？研究发现海星全身都是头50:35 为什么海星是五个角？竟是因为超级左撇子53:52 海星的克苏鲁进食：吐出胃袋进行体外消化56:06 派大星的视力：长在五个角末端的感光眼点01:00:41 章鱼的奇异身体构造：三颗心脏与蓝色的血液01:02:17 章鱼的分布式智能：每条腕足都能独立思考01:04:56 单簧管吹得难听的真相：章鱼其实没有耳朵01:08:53 瞬间变色的色盲大师：章鱼如何实现完美伪装01:14:30 蟹老板原型大揭秘：拥有雨刷器眼睛的招潮蟹01:20:09 统治海洋的痞老板：食物链底端的桡足类动物01:26:35 痞老板的逃生绝技：瞬间启动的超音速级弹跳01:28:11 珊迪的海底玻璃屋：现实中的水下常驻实验室01:33:06 比奇堡的原型往事：经历核试验的比基尼环礁01:38:54 珊瑚白化危机：失去虫黄藻后崩塌的共生体系01:42:18 珊瑚礁的声音图景：鼓虾与鱼类组成的交响曲01:48:21 声学复育：播放健康珊瑚礁声音吸引鱼群回归 提及的相关图片：海绵宝宝的前身——漫画《潮间带》：漫画《潮间带》的第一页：最像海绵宝宝的真实海绵动物：各种各样的海绵动物：动画OP里四分五裂的海绵宝宝：长相特异还会吃肉的竖琴海绵：腹足类动物的运动方式：颜色各异的裸鳃类海蛞蝓：关于海星体轴形成方式的几种假说（C），以及脊椎动物的体轴（B）：海星体轴基因表达的实验结果：海星、海胆和海百合只表达头部的基因：海星把胃吐出来的样子（小宇宙更新后无法传gif图，另外找了张静态图）：章鱼变色前后（同上，传不了动图，截图给大家看了）：沙蟹（招潮蟹的一种）与蟹老板：沙蟹眼睛不同的眉毛数量：桡足类动物（剑水蚤）与痞老板：德国进化生物学家Ernst Haeckel笔下的“痞老板”：海底实验室Aquarius Reef Base：核实验后比基尼环礁海域的珊瑚：彩虹虾虎鱼：鹦嘴鱼： 本期出现BGM：海绵宝宝片头曲海绵宝宝片尾曲海绵宝宝动画剧集片段给阿妈的电影插曲：来去打工 部分参考资料：维基百科相关词条漫画潮间带Intertidal Zone的全文扫描：https://archive.org/details/the-intertidal-zone-stephen-hillenburg/page/n1/mode/2upKornder N A, Esser Y, Stoupin D, et al. Sponges sneeze mucus to shed particulate waste from their seawater inlet pores[J]. Current Biology, 2022, 32(17): 3855-3861. e3.Wilson H V. On some phenomena of coalescence and regeneration in sponges[J]. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 1907, 23(4): 161-174.Denny M. The role of gastropod pedal mucus in locomotion[J]. Nature, 1980, 285(5761).Fontana A, Gimenez F, Marin A, et al. Transfer of secondary metabolites from the sponges Dysidea fragilis and Pleraplysilla spinifera to the mantle dermal formations (MDFs) of the mudibranch Hypserlodoris webbi[J]. Experientia, 1994, 50(5): 510-516.Derby C D. Escape by inking and secreting: marine molluscs avoid predators through a rich array of chemicals and mechanisms[J]. The Biological Bulletin, 2007, 213(3): 274-289.Nüchter T, Benoit M, Engel U, et al. Nanosecond-scale kinetics of nematocyst discharge[J]. Current Biology, 2006, 16(9): R316-R318.Formery L, Peluso P, Kohnle I, et al. Molecular evidence of anteroposterior patterning in adult echinoderms[J]. Nature, 2023, 623(7987): 555-561.劳伦斯先生对于比奇堡的来源采访：https://www.nickalive.net/2024/12/longtime-spongebob-squarepants-writer.htmlYen J, Lenz P H, Gassie D V, et al. Mechanoreception in marine copepods: electrophysiological studies on the first antennae[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1992, 14(4): 495-512.Field C B, Behrenfeld M J, Randerson J T, et al. Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components[J]. science, 1998, 281(5374): 237-240.在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

你是不是也经常被人说“一眼看上去班味很重”？每天早起打卡、疯狂通勤、外卖对付，洗把脸镜子里只有一张写满憔悴和黑眼圈的“垮脸”。这期节目，我们从让皮肤又干又粗糙的压力激素皮质醇，再到久坐引发的“死屁股综合征”；从外卖超加工食品对肠道微生物的降维打击，到熬夜如何悄悄修改你的表观遗传年龄……更好玩的是，班味居然不是人类的专利！职场高压、疯狂接客的清洁鱼也会靠机会主义“摸鱼宰客”；而大自然甚至用“懒蚂蚁”的生存智慧告诉我们：为了不集体燃尽，社会必须养闲人！既然最完美的解药“辞职”难以实现，那就跟我们一起深呼吸，从细胞和微观能量学的角度，找回那个不被磨损的自己吧！ 加听友群请加小导游：bio_kiwi 本期提到的节目：https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/677c138ecda04ef4c1d842b0 时间点：01:41 节目开场：从生命科学角度聊聊何为“班味”03:39 语言学视角：班味进化的三个阶段05:32 科学定义“累”：从轻度疲劳到全面燃尽10:06 职业倦怠（Burnout）：它其实是一种职业疾病13:05 视觉上的班味：为什么熬夜后脸会垮掉？17:57 压力与长痘：皮肤其实是内分泌免疫器官21:23 炎症衰老：面相看起来更老的人死得更早？25:53 如何消除班味？多去公园做做“人类丰容”28:28 被工作反复拨动的“压力激素”皮质醇35:04 闻得到的班味：汗液如何传递焦虑情绪？38:11 办公室里的“人味”：脑雾背后的空气双盲实验44:12 久坐的代价：你听说过“死屁股综合征”吗？49:00 爱运动的沙发土豆：健身房救不了久坐危害52:46 窒息的通勤：距离越远，越肥越抑郁？57:28 外卖的暴击：超加工食品如何破坏肠道？01:02:49 熬夜的遗传代价：夜班正加速你的表观年龄01:06:59 终极科学概念：用“稳态负荷”完美定义班味01:13:29 跨物种班味：居家摸鱼和自发转岗的工蜂01:19:09 懒蚂蚁与弹性池：企业为什么必须养闲人？01:23:37 裂唇鱼的职场：疯狂接客的服务业与机会主义欺骗01:28:00 能量学模型：别随遇而安，尽力摆脱班味 节目提及的图片：每天身体的皮质醇浓度曲线：裂唇鱼： 片尾曲：感觉身体被掏空 - 上海彩虹合唱团 部分提及参考资料：Mauss, D., Li, J., Schmidt, B., Angerer, P., & Jarczok, M. 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Building and Environment, 258, 111503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111503Tang, X., Misztal, P. K., Nazaroff, W. W., & Goldstein, A. H. (2022). Emission rates of volatile organic compounds from humans. Environmental Science & Technology, 56(8), 4838–4848. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c08764Gilbert, J. A., & Hartmann, E. M. (2024). The indoors microbiome and human health. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 22(11), 742–755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01077-3Allen, J. G., MacNaughton, P., Satish, U., Santanam, S., Vallarino, J., & Spengler, J. D. (2016). Associations of cognitive function scores with carbon dioxide, ventilation, and volatile organic compound exposures in office workers: A controlled exposure study of green and conventional office environments. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(6), 805–812. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037Gao, W., Sanna, M., Chen, Y.-H., Tsai, M.-K., & Wen, C. P. (2024). Occupational sitting time, leisure physical activity, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. JAMA Network Open, 7(1), e2350680. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50680Loh, R., Stamatakis, E., Folkerts, D., Allgrove, J. E., & Moir, H. J. (2020). Effects of interrupting prolonged sitting on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses: A network meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(6), 553–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.006Dunstan, D. W., Kingwell, B. A., Larsen, R., Healy, G. N., Cerin, E., Hamilton, M. T., … Owen, N. (2012). Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Diabetes Care, 35(5), 976–983. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1931Eddy, P., Heckenberg, R., Wertheim, E. H., Kent, S., & Wright, B. J. (2023). Work-related psychosocial factors and inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 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S., … Picard, M. (2023). Cellular allostatic load is linked to increased energy expenditure and accelerated biological aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 155, 106322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106322Fields, C. J., Mallott, E. K., Pearson, J., Burnham, E. L., & Amato, K. R. (2024). Biological, environmental, and psychological stress and the human gut microbiome in healthy adults. Scientific Reports, 14, 27735. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77473-9Foster, J. A., Rinaman, L., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiology of Stress, 7, 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001Pega, F., Náfrádi, B., Momen, N. C., Ujita, Y., Streicher, K. N., Prüss-Üstün, A. M., … Woodruff, T. J. (2021). Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. Environment International, 154, 106595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595WHO. (2021-05-17). Long working hours increasing deaths from heart disease and stroke: WHO, ILO. WHO News. https://www.who.int/news/item/17-05-2021-long-working-hours-increasing-deaths-from-heart-disease-and-stroke-who-iloKlimas, N. G., Broderick, G., & Fletcher, M. A. (2012). Biomarkers for chronic fatigue. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 26(8), 1202–1210.Adamowicz, J. L., Vélez-Bermúdez, M., & Thomas, E. B. K. (2022). Fatigue severity and avoidance among individuals with chronic disease: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 159, 110951.Thong, M. S. Y., van Noorden, C. J. F., Steindorf, K., & Arndt, V. (2020). Cancer-related fatigue: Causes and current treatment options. Current Treatment Options in Oncology, 21, 17.在小宇宙查看该单集文稿