Optic Nerve Inclusion in the 2024 McDonald Criteria Revisions – Part 2

In part two of this three-part series, Dr. Jeff Lambe outlines how the optic nerve is being incorporated as one of five topographies used to demonstrate dissemination in space. Show citation:  Montalban X, Lebrun-Frénay C, Oh J, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(10):850-865. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00270-4 

In part one of this three-part series, Dr. Jeff Lambe discusses the rationale for including the optic nerve in the 2024 revisions to the McDonald criteria.  Show citation:  Montalban X, Lebrun-Frénay C, Oh J, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(10):850-865. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00270-4 

Dr. Katie Krulisky and Dr. Stefano Meletti discuss the incidence and characteristics of postictal central apnea in focal seizures.   Show citation: Meletti S, Burani M, Ballerini A, et al. Persistent Postictal Central Apnea in Focal Seizures: Incidence, Features, and Imaging Findings. Neurology. 2025;105(4):e213856. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000213856  

Dr. Greg Cooper and Dr. Claudia Suemoto discuss the association between consumption of low- and no-calorie sweeteners and cognitive decline.  Show citations:  Gonçalves NG, Martinez-Steele E, Lotufo PA, et al. Association Between Consumption of Low- and No-Calorie Artificial Sweeteners and Cognitive Decline: An 8-Year Prospective Study. Neurology. 2025;105(7):e214023. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214023

Dr. Paul Crane discusses Oropouche virus and its neurologic complications. 

In the second part of this two-part series, Dr. Kaitlyn Palmer explains how these biomarkers change our approach to diagnosing multiple sclerosis.  Show reference:  Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Montalban, Xavier, et al. The Lancet Neurology, Volume 24, Issue 10, 850 - 865

In part one of this two-part series, Dr. Kaitlyn Palmer discusses two new MRI biomarkers to increase diagnostic specificity for multiple sclerosis.  Show reference:  Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Montalban, Xavier, et al. The Lancet Neurology, Volume 24, Issue 10, 850 - 865

Dr. Katie Krulisky and Dr. Rosemary Dray-Spira discuss the trends in prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications over the past decade.  Show reference: https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000213933  Citation:  Pouneh S, Jérôme D, Sara M, et al. Trends in Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications Over the Past Decade: A Nationwide Study. Neurology. 2025;105(4): e213933. 

Dr. Greg Cooper and Dr. Jonathan Graff-Redford discuss the key takeaways from the recent Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC). 

Dr. Margarita Fedorova discusses whether living near a golf course impacts the risk of Parkinson disease.  Show reference:  Krzyzanowski B, Mullan AF, Dorsey ER, et al. Proximity to Golf Courses and Risk of Parkinson Disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(5):e259198. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9198