English listening

The Evolution of the InternetWhen the Internet was first created in the late 1960s, it was only used by scientists and researchers.当互联网在二十世纪六十年代末被创造出来时，它只被科学家和研究人员使用。It was designed as a way for computers to share information across long distances.它的设计目的是让计算机能够在长距离间共享信息。At that time, there were no websites, no email, and certainly no social media.当时还没有网站、电子邮件，更没有社交媒体。By the 1980s, the Internet had grown larger and began to connect universities and organizations around the world.到了二十世纪八十年代，互联网的规模扩大，开始连接世界各地的大学和机构。In the early 1990s, the invention of the World Wide Web changed everything.在九十年代初，万维网的发明彻底改变了一切。Suddenly, anyone could create a webpage and share information easily.突然间，任何人都能轻松创建网页并分享信息。In the beginning, web pages were simple — mostly text with a few pictures.最初的网页非常简单——主要是文字，配上几张图片。As technology improved, websites became more colorful, interactive, and dynamic.随着技术的发展，网站变得更加丰富多彩、互动且动态。In the late 1990s, email became a popular way for people to communicate.在九十年代后期，电子邮件成为人们交流的流行方式。Soon after, instant messaging and chat rooms appeared, allowing real-time communication.不久之后，即时通讯和聊天室出现，让人们能够实时交流。In the 2000s, the rise of social media changed how people used the Internet.在二十一世纪初，社交媒体的兴起改变了人们使用互联网的方式。Websites like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter allowed users to share their thoughts, photos, and videos instantly.像Facebook、YouTube和Twitter这样的网站让用户可以即时分享想法、照片和视频。Smartphones made the Internet even more accessible.智能手机让互联网变得更加易于使用。People no longer needed to sit at a desk to go online — they could connect anywhere, anytime.人们不再需要坐在桌前上网——他们可以随时随地连接网络。Modern Internet use goes far beyond communication.现代互联网的用途远不止于交流。It allows us to shop, study, watch movies, attend meetings, and even control home devices.它让我们能够购物、学习、看电影、开会，甚至控制家用设备。Just like the telephone evolved from a simple device into a powerful communication tool,就像电话从简单的装置发展成强大的通讯工具一样，the Internet has evolved into one of the most essential parts of modern life.互联网也已经成为现代生活中最重要的组成部分之一。With cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the Internet continues to change rapidly.随着云计算和人工智能的发展，互联网仍在迅速变化。People can now store data online, translate languages instantly, and even use virtual assistants to help them work.人们现在可以在线存储数据、即时翻译语言，甚至使用虚拟助理来帮助工作。But with all these benefits come new challenges, such as privacy, security, and misinformation.但随着这些便利而来的是新的挑战，比如隐私、安全和错误信息。Governments and organizations around the world are working to make the Internet safer and fairer.世界各地的政府和组织正在努力让互联网变得更安全、更公平。The Internet has connected the world in ways that people in the past could never imagine.互联网以过去的人们无法想象的方式连接了整个世界。As technology keeps advancing, the Internet will surely continue to shape the future of communication.随着科技不断进步，互联网必将继续塑造人类沟通的未来。

7/30 Is she turning towards you  or away from you , no one can agree . She is a mysterious subject of (Dutch ) master Jan Vermeer’s,  girl with the pearl earring . A painting (often referred to )  as the mona lisa of the north . Belong to a (Dutch ) styles of the (idealized ) ,sometimes  overly (expressive ) paintings (known as tronies ) . The girl with the pearl earring, has the allure and subtlety characteristic of Vermeer’s work. Vermeer’s treatment of  light and shadow , (or chiaroscuro ) ,uses (a dark flat) background to (further spotlight her three dimensionality , instead of being like  a set piece , in a (theatrical  narrative ) scenes she become a psychological subject, her eye contact and slightly (parted) lips , as if she is about say something , draw us into her gaze .  Dutch 荷兰的idealized 理想化的tronies 特写肖像画chiaroscuro 明暗对比法theatrical 戏剧化的narrative 记叙文的gaze 凝视

7/29Trauma , is an experience that is constructed  like any other experience os  constructed . That is doesn’t trivialize  , that just shows  you the  real power of predictions in  the economy of your  everyday life . What’s  happening when (an adverse ) experience become traumatic ? The brain is weighing that experience very heavily in its future predictions . From  (a metabolic ) standpoints ,it’s always better to predict and correct  than it is to react, the traumatic event is re-experienced again and again and again , which only strengthen those connections and  only make those predictions more likely in the future , the reason why a brain would  do this is to avoid missing a threat .trivialize 重要的

It’s just fun and  gorgeous , and it’s  (see through )  so we can see each other ,all the barbies in their own  barbie dream houses wake up in the morning , and then can wave at each other . This is a product of  so many discussions , so many references , I can’t even tell you the meeting we’ve had   about the pink . We sat with all these difference kinds of pinks and we were  like what is pink ,how does the pink interact . Because we didn’t want it  to be so classy that  it didn’t . When I was a litter girl ,  I like the pinkest  brightest  thing . Because barbie was invented in 1959 , and it felt like we can ground everything  in that  look , 1950 soundstage   musicals. (Gene Kelly ) or  (Vincente Minnelli) ,like those  kind of wonderful fake  but emotionally ) artificial spaces . One thing that  those  soundstage musical did so well were beautiful artificial skies . There is a sort of surrealness of the  (gradation) of the colorYou can light (them into these intense colors  ,you can light pink and orange form the bottle ,the blue from  the top , you can really go (kind of expressionistic ) with it surrealness.  超现实gradation 渐变层次expressionistic 表现主义

I am from new York , and my favorite comfort food is grilled cheese , growing up as a  picky eater ,   (grilled cheese ) was  the number 1 thing  that I could  get from every single family member and every single restaurant .  And It be almost the exact same every single time .  It reminds me of being best friend with my mom . My favorite comfort food is congee , a type of  rice porridge , there are also many different types of  congee . And I’ve had it plain . with dried scallops ，with preserved egg and salted  pork, and just whitefish .growing up ,  my mother would make this for breakfast somedays ,and she will also make it for me when I was sick , and I couldn’t keep any solid  foods down . My favorite comfort food is Lahmajun,  it is a  thin flatbread  , almost like pizza , that’s (enjoyed in and ) around the middle east . It’s  typically made by taking  small dough balls  and flatting  them into really thin pieces , and them it’s topped  with beef or lamb , some vegetables ,and  spices , and then it cooked in oven for just a  few minutes . My family and I typically buy a dozen or so of them from Armenia bakeries or grocery stores  here in LA , because they make them  really tasty plain 清淡的scallops 干贝flatbread 小面包干Flat  平坦的oven 烤炉

Watching  a kitten fumbling around , it might feel as if you’ve  never encountered anything so devastatingly adorable in your mortal live . But you may also feel the conflicting urge to squeeze or smush the kitten . This urge  which phycologists call cute aggression ,is a surprisingly common one estimate to affect about a half of all adults . Cut aggression is importantly not link to the actual intention to do harm,  instead it seems to result  from emotional overload . Some scientist think the cute things (elicited) such positive emotions from certain people ,that the  experiences becomes overwhelming .  They hypothesize that sightly  aggressive  discordant  thoughts ,are the brain’s way of  putting the  brake on, and regulating those intense feelings , not getting you to actually eat a kitten . elicited 引出hypothesize 假设estimate to affect 估计影响discordant 不和谐的

7/15Diet is the behavior that’s been studied the most in terms of trying to affect thing like  aging and longevity.There really three components of diet that seem to be impacting aging :So the first is. How much we eat , the second is what we eat , and the third is when we eat . So in terms of how much we eat , a lot of science went into this idea of caloric restriction . Caloric restriction isn’t a starvation .it’s usually just about a 20 precent reduction in the overall caloric intake . The other thing , that has  been study , is this concept  of what we eat ,  a lot of research has  gone into whether things  like plant-based diet  are actually beneficial to  aging and longevity, there  seems to be some evidence ,that eating less animal products , more fruit ,veggies , more wholefoods ,it’s going to  be better overall . But  what scientists found , is actually fasting can (con mimic ) some of the benefits , that we’ve seen with (caloric restriction ) , so if people can perhaps minimize their eating to a small window , we think (that this  can actually recapitulate ) a lot of benefits , that we are saying in the  caloric restriction studies . 

7/8In all those very different contexts ,one characteristic emerged  as a significant predictor  of  success . And it wasn’t social (intelligences  ), wasn’t good looks  , physical health , and it wasn’t IQ . It was grit . Grit is passion and perseverance for very long term goals  . So far the best idea I’ve  heard about building grit in kids  , is something called growth (mindset ) ,this is an idea  developed at sanford university  by (Carol  Dweck ) . And it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed .that it can change with your effort . Doctor (Dweck ) had  shown that when kids read and learn about the  brain . And how it changes and grows in response to challenge , they are   must  more likely to preserver when they fail.  Because they don’t believe  that failure is permanent  condition 

Creamy , rich new York  style cheesecake is one of the city’s  most iconic desserts , the simple cheesecake recipe calls for cream-cheese ,sugar and eggs . At each spot ,we will be judging  based of the  three qualities . The filling , it should be smooth , (creamy ) and light.The topping , it should add the refreshing brightness  to a rich cheese cake .The crust ,if there is a crust , it should add texture and flavor to the overall cheese cake . Ok ,that I can get so down with, I really like that one , it’s sweet and tart, and I think I just prefer  more like  a fruit on my cheesecake , the plain is good ,but this like next level .For someone who doesn’t like cheesecake , yeah ,they should eat this . I like also, how it taste almost like a meringue, because they whip (their egg white ) a lot ,so it’s fluffier , not so dense .meringue 蛋白霜 蛋白酥Dense 浓稠fluffier 轻柔Tart  酸的Plain  无装饰的Iconic 象征性的

The  fashion fad that could improve your mood , the hashtag dopamine dressing , now has over 95 million (views) on tiktok  and is inspiring  people to go bold .what exactly dose dopamine dressing means So dopamine dressing actually plays into the psychology of color . And how wearing and  seeing these different fun  bright  color can actually create a  release of dopamine in our brain , which actually is chemical responsible for  happiness and just feeling good overall ,so  we can basically lean to in difference color categories ,depending on what  we want to  manifest  and how we want to feel . I love anything manifesting .so let’s us start with these  pink and red ,these  really bright colors . Yes , red as category itself , really represent strength ), and love and confidence . Yellow and   Orange actually stands for happiness ,joy ,and it’s inviting ,it’s warm  ,  Green and blue over all stand for peace , (tranquility) and good health .