Reflex — PM&R Board Review

Shoulder Anatomy, Instability, and Impingement. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-01. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 0:31 Opening vignette: quarterback dislocation 3:28 Shoulder range of motion and the thumb-down block 6:12 Glenohumeral architecture and stabilizers 12:30 Shoulder innervation by motion 17:15 AC joint, Rockwood, and distal clavicle osteolysis 22:42 Instability spectrum: TUBS and AMBRI 26:41 Anterior and posterior instability lesions 29:49 Hypermobility, instability exam, and imaging 34:25 SLAP tears 36:23 Impingement: Neer, Bigliani, and exam triad 42:45 Secondary impingement from instability

Rotator Cuff, Adhesive Capsulitis, and Biceps. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-02. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 1:53 Rotator Cuff Tears and the Critical Zone of Hypovascularity 4:20 Full Thickness and Massive Tears, Fatty Infiltration 7:40 Rotator Cuff Special Tests 14:53 Rotator Cuff Imaging 20:32 Rotator Cuff Treatment 24:12 Calcific Tendinitis 26:43 Adhesive Capsulitis Motion Loss and Stages 30:06 Adhesive Capsulitis Associations 32:36 Adhesive Capsulitis Diagnosis and Treatment 36:49 Biceps Anatomy and Tendinitis 38:33 Long Head Biceps Rupture and Popeye Sign 40:20 Biceps Special Tests 42:19 Shoulder Osteoarthritis vs Adhesive Capsulitis 44:53 Total Shoulder Arthroplasty and Rehab 47:46 Shoulder Arthrodesis 50:27 5 Things to Know Cold

Shoulder Fractures, Winging, and Nerve Entrapment. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-03. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 0:31 Opening hook: medial winging on a wall pushup 2:33 Deltoid segments and the axillary nerve 6:19 Medial winging: serratus anterior and long thoracic nerve 10:10 Lateral winging: trapezius and spinal accessory nerve 14:07 Seddon nerve injury grades 17:36 Clavicle fractures 22:24 Scapular fractures 26:43 Proximal Humerus Fractures and the Neer Four-Part Classification 32:20 Surgical vs anatomic neck: vessels and nerves at risk 37:30 Stress fractures in throwers and Little Leaguer's shoulder 39:53 Suprascapular nerve entrapment 44:07 Quadrilateral space syndrome 45:59 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 54:43 5 Things to Know Cold

Elbow Anatomy, Epicondylitis, and Throwing Injuries. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-04. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 0:31 Episode Setup 2:20 The Three-Joint Capsule, Range of Motion, and the Carrying Angle 8:38 Ligamentous restraints and nursemaid's elbow 10:59 Epicondyle Origins and the Medial-Lateral Dichotomy 16:47 Lateral epicondylitis 22:53 Medial epicondylitis and little leaguer's elbow 27:25 Throwing Biomechanics and UCL Injury 33:04 Valgus extension overload 37:47 Olecranon bursitis 40:17 Elbow dislocation and the terrible triad 43:56 Distal biceps rupture 48:22 Elbow arthrodesis angles 51:20 5 Things to Know Cold

Elbow Nerve Entrapments and Adult Fractures. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-05-a. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 0:31 Episode Setup 2:58 Pronator Syndrome and the Four Median Compression Sites 10:07 AIN palsy and proximal median workup 14:10 Cubital Tunnel Syndrome and Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow 24:55 Humeral Shaft Fracture and the Spiral Groove Radial Nerve 30:10 PIN palsy and radial tunnel syndrome 32:05 Radial head fractures and the Mason classification 36:41 Olecranon fractures and tension band wiring 38:55 Distal humerus fractures, terrible triad, heterotopic ossification 41:19 Supracondylar fracture, Gartland, and radiographic lines 44:57 Volkmann contracture and the pulse trap 48:42 Panner disease versus capitellar OCD 50:55 Nursemaid's elbow 53:23 5 Things to Know Cold

Wrist, Carpal Bones, Carpal Tunnel, and DeQuervain. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-06. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 1:55 Carpal Bone Architecture and Wrist Range of Motion 4:51 Scaphoid Fractures and Lunate Pathology 9:04 Extensor Compartments and Flexor Tendon Zones 11:19 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 15:51 DeQuervain Tenosynovitis, TFCC, Distal Radius Fractures, and Ganglion Cysts 20:19 5 Things to Know Cold

Hand: Flexor Pulleys, Trigger Finger, Dupuytren, and the Fingertip Deformity Quartet. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-07-a. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 1:06 Mnemonic - "Lower lesion, more claw" 3:17 Flexor pulley system and bowstringing 7:37 Camper chiasm and FDS isolation test 10:34 Trigger finger 13:59 Dupuytren contracture 19:33 Mallet finger 23:46 Boutonniere and swan neck deformities 28:06 Jersey finger and Leddy-Packer classification 32:51 5 Things to Know Cold

Hand: Thumb UCL Injury, Intrinsic Muscles, and Deformity by Nerve Injury. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-07-b. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 0:31 Episode Setup 3:00 Gamekeeper Thumb, Skier Thumb, and the Stener Lesion 9:55 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand 13:08 Ulnar claw hand, Froment, Jeanne, and Wartenberg 17:19 Median nerve: ape hand, benediction, AIN 20:20 Radial nerve: wrist drop, tenodesis, PIN 24:20 Seddon and Sunderland nerve injury grading 29:10 Hand infections: flexor tenosynovitis, paronychia, felon 32:54 5 Things to Know Cold

Hip Anatomy, Muscles, and Special Tests. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-08. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 0:31 Episode Setup 2:49 Acetabulum and posterior hip dislocation 6:27 Pelvic girdle joints: hip versus sacroiliac 8:56 Acetabular labrum 11:04 Ligamentum teres and femoral head blood supply 13:00 Hip Joint Anatomy and Range of Motion 16:39 Hip Muscle Innervation and the Gluteal Nerve Trap 21:30 Hamstrings and the short head of biceps femoris 23:31 Hip abductors and adductors 25:48 Trendelenburg sign and neck-shaft angle 29:44 Contracture tests: Thomas, Ober, Ely, Craig 36:28 Provocative tests: FABER, FADIR, Stinchfield, log roll 42:17 Femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears 48:57 Athletic pubalgia and adductor strain 52:51 Snapping hip 57:09 Greater trochanteric pain syndrome 1:01:13 Piriformis syndrome 1:06:33 Meralgia paresthetica 1:10:47 5 Things to Know Cold

Hip Fractures, Arthroplasty, and Pediatric Hip. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-09. On YouTube, every Musculoskeletal episode in order: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHZu3dmTnObo. Educational only, not medical advice. AI-narrated from the Reflex chapter. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 0:31 Episode Setup 2:16 Geriatric hip fracture mortality and care 5:58 Fracture posture, dislocation, and occult fracture 8:57 The Geriatric Hip Fracture and the Garden Classification 14:41 Hemiarthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty 18:02 Total Hip Arthroplasty Precautions by approach 22:22 Intertrochanteric fractures 25:47 Femoral neck stress fractures 28:38 Post-arthroplasty complications 37:42 Femoral Shaft Fractures, Fat Embolism, and Compartment Syndrome 45:14 Nontraumatic avascular necrosis 47:46 Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 52:45 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 1:00:13 Developmental dysplasia of the hip 1:05:02 Transient synovitis versus septic arthritis 1:08:02 Heterotopic ossification 1:12:44 Hamstring injuries 1:16:20 Apophyseal avulsion fractures 1:21:49 5 Things to Know Cold