【COP31特輯】「COP31 氣候脈動．臺灣同行」系列論壇-彭啓明部長開幕致詞
環境部部長 彭啓明 「氣候脈動・臺灣同行」系列論壇開幕致詞
【從全球共識到臺灣行動：COP31 的啟示與實踐】
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此刻，在土耳其安塔利亞，COP31 正在進行。臺灣沒有官方代表席位，我不能坐在那個會場裡。但我今天站在這裡，站在臺北，要告訴各位三件事：
第一， 我們很清楚全世界在談什麼；
第二， 我們沒有在等；
第三， 我們交出來的成績單，放在國際上比，不需要低頭。
一、世界在談什麼：從談判走向落實
這屆 COP 有一個很明確的轉向。主席國土耳其把主題定為「對話、共識、行動」，COP31 主席 Murat Kurum 部長說得很直白：「不採分裂，而是追求共識；不選擇停滯，而是推動行動，以達成成果。」談判主席澳洲則把太平洋島國的生存放在核心，把氣候融資和產業轉型綁在一起談。
這意味著什麼？意味著 COP 不再只是各國坐下來談文字、談承諾，而是要攤開來看：你說的，做到了多少。從「談判型 COP」走向「落實型 COP」，這是國際氣候治理的新階段。
主席國提出十大優先領域與六項全球目標：2035 年全球電氣化率達到 35%、廢棄物增長量減半、建築能源密集度降低至少 25%、循環材料使用率至少 15%、青年氣候教育普及，以及把各國的 NDC 承諾轉為可投資、可執行、可驗證的專案。
我要特別指出一點：地緣政治的衝突讓全世界重新體認到能源安全的脆弱。但這屆 COP 的共識不是「先顧能源安全、氣候放一邊」，而是土耳其主張的——能源安全與氣候目標「互補而非對立」。再生能源、儲能、電網韌性，既是減碳的解方，也是能源自主的解方。這一點，臺灣比誰都有感。
二、我們沒有在等：臺灣的成績單
更重要的是 2025 年。過去我們要等一年半才知道上一年排了多少，現在環境部已經建立短期排放推估能力。依據今年的推估，2025 年淨排放量約 2 億 4,560 萬公噸，較 2005 年減少約 8.7%，較 2024 年再減 2.3%。
這代表什麼？從 2021 年到 2025 年，臺灣的淨排放已經連續四年下降，平均每年減幅超過 2%。
我也要誠實地說：原本希望 2025 年單年減量達到 10%，我們估計是接近 9%，差一點。這一點差距，我們不會迴避。但趨勢是清楚的，方向是對的，而且還在加速。
再講一件更關鍵的事：減碳沒有拖累經濟。
2025 年，臺灣的經濟成長率是 8.8%。2026 年，主計總處預估全年成長率超過 12%，前三季已經達到 14.22%，創下近半世紀最高。在經濟成長這麼強勁的同時，我們的排放還在下降。
我請同仁做了一份八國比較，把臺灣、日本、韓國、新加坡、中國、美國、德國、英國放在一起看，從 2015 年到 2025 年。結果是這樣的：
德國、英國減碳最深，十年減了二成六到二成七，但他們的經濟十年只成長 9% 到 15%，而且德國近兩年的減排有相當部分來自高耗能工業減產。日本減了 11%，但經濟十年只成長 5%。美國經濟成長 27%，排放卻只減了 3%，而且 2025 年排放反彈 2.4%，增速超過 GDP。中國和新加坡經濟成長很快，但排放還在增加。
臺灣呢？十年經濟成長 47.6%，排放減少 8.7%。在這八個經濟體裡，臺灣是唯一一個同時做到「高成長」和「排放絕對下降」的。而且 2024、2025 這兩年，經濟成長愈快，排放降幅愈大。
這不是巧合。這是因為臺灣這一波成長來自高附加價值、低碳強度的半導體和 AI 產業，而不是高耗能製造。這就是「能源安全與氣候目標互補而非對立」最具體的實證。
第三，制度已經到位。
碳費制度已經進入實際徵收，這是臺灣碳定價的第一步，收入將直接支持減量與調適。《資源循環推動法》今年六月公布，把產品全生命週期、綠色設計、循環採購納入法制。臺灣 NDC 3.0 設定 2030 年減 28±2%、2032 年減 32±2%、2035 年減 38±2%，六大部門 2026 到 2030 年的減量行動方案納入 20 項旗艦計畫，逐年公開成果、跨部門督考。
對照 COP31 的六項全球目標：全球電氣化率 35%，臺灣 2025 年電力占最終能源使用已達 34.8%；建築能源密集度降低 25%，我們的住商部門減碳行動已涵蓋建築節能與設備效率；NDC 轉為可投資專案，臺灣的碳費制度和第三期部門行動方案正是在做這件事。我們不是跟在後面追，很多項目我們已經在軌道上。
第四，減碳的同時，空氣變好了。
這一點我特別想跟國人分享。臺灣 PM2.5 年平均值從 2013 年的 24 微克，降到 2024 年的 12.8微克左右，今年的空氣品質政策白皮書把目標再往下訂到 12、10，最終朝 WHO 的 5 微克前進。淨零和減污是同一件事：少燒一噸煤，少排的不只是二氧化碳，還有 PM2.5、硫氧化物、氮氧化物。我們推動跨部會的兒少校園四層防護，全國已劃設 38 處校園空氣品質維護區、優先針對敏感區的中小學偵測。減碳，最終是為了人的健康。
三、不在會場，但與世界同行
各位，我們無法進入 COP31 的會場，這是事實。但我不認為這代表臺灣缺席。
從今天起到 11 月 20 日，環境部舉辦「氣候脈動・臺灣同行」十場系列論壇，涵蓋淨零減碳、循環經濟、自然調適、氣候資金、公正轉型、青年行動六大主軸。我們談淨零與空污的共利效益，談國土綠蔭與都市降溫的 3-30-300 法則，談碳定價制度與歐洲 ETS 的經驗，談如何對接全球氣候資金 NCCG，談 AI 時代的綠色競爭力，談碳移除技術，談巴黎協定第六條的國際碳合作。這十場論壇的每一個主題，都對應著安塔利亞會場裡正在討論的議程。
我們用這種方式告訴世界：臺灣在聽，臺灣在做，臺灣願意分享。
我也要說，氣候變遷不會因為一個國家有沒有席位而改變它的物理法則。颱風不會看護照，海平面不會看會員資格，熱浪不會在國界前停下。臺灣是一個島嶼，我們的處境跟太平洋島國一樣迫切。我們減的每一噸碳，都是對全球的貢獻；我們累積的每一項經驗——從短期排放推估、碳費制度、到淨零減污共利——都願意與國際社會分享。
COP31 的主題是「對話、共識、行動」。在臺灣，我們三件事都在做：對話，就是今天這十場論壇；共識，就是從中央到地方、從產業到民間，愈來愈多人相信減碳和成長可以並行；行動，就是連續四年下降的排放曲線。
台灣正處於全球AI 供應鏈最重要的位置，我們的減碳轉型與途徑也影響全球各國未來資料中心的方向，我們已經做出準備，也期待國際社會夥伴，可以善用AI for Climate，也必須思考 Climate for AI。
我無法在安塔利亞發言。但我相信，數據會說話，行動會說話。一個在經濟成長超過一成的時候還能讓排放下降的經濟體，一個在沒有席位的情況下仍然按照國際最高標準要求自己的政府，世界終究會看見。
臺灣沒有缺席。臺灣一直都在。
謝謝大家。
From Global Consensus to Taiwan's Action: Lessons and Practice from COP31
Opening Remarks by Minister of Environment Peng Chi-Ming at the "Climate Pulse · Taiwan Together" Forum Series
At this very moment, COP31 is under way in Antalya, Türkiye. Taiwan has no official seat there, and I cannot sit in that hall. But I stand here today, in Taipei, to tell you three things:
First, we know exactly what the world is talking about. Second, we are not waiting. Third, the results we have delivered can stand side by side with anyone's in the world, and we have no reason to lower our heads.
I. What the World Is Talking About: From Negotiation to Implementation
This COP marks a clear turning point. The Presidency, Türkiye, has set its theme as "Dialogue, Consensus, and Action." COP31 President Minister Murat Kurum put it plainly: "We do not choose division; we seek consensus. We do not choose stagnation; we drive action to deliver results." Australia, as President of Negotiations, has placed the survival of the Pacific Island nations at the core, and is bringing climate finance and industrial transformation into the same conversation.
What does this mean? It means a COP is no longer just countries sitting down to negotiate texts and commitments. It means laying everything on the table and asking: how much of what you promised have you actually done? The move from a "negotiating COP" to an "implementing COP" marks a new stage in global climate governance.
The Presidency has set out ten priority areas and six global targets for 2035. They call for a 35% global electrification rate, halving the growth in waste generation, cutting the energy intensity of buildings by at least 25%, and reaching a circular material use rate of at least 15%. They also call for universal climate education for young people, and for turning every country's NDC commitments into investable, implementable, and verifiable projects.
I want to highlight one point in particular. Geopolitical conflicts have made the whole world realize again how fragile energy security is. Yet the consensus at this COP is not "secure energy first, and set climate aside." It is what Türkiye has championed: energy security and climate goals are "complementary, not contradictory." Renewable energy, energy storage, and grid resilience are solutions for decarbonization and for energy independence alike. Few understand this better than Taiwan.
II. We Are Not Waiting: Taiwan's Report Card
What matters most is 2025. In the past, we had to wait a year and a half to know how much we emitted the previous year. Now, the Ministry of Environment has built the capacity for near-term emissions estimation. According to this year's estimate, Taiwan's net emissions in 2025 were about 245.6 million tonnes. That is roughly 8.7% below 2005 levels and a further 2.3% below 2024.
What does this tell us? From 2021 to 2025, Taiwan's net emissions have fallen for four consecutive years, by an average of more than 2% a year.
I also want to be honest. We had hoped to reach a 10% reduction in 2025, and our estimate is close to 9%, just short. We will not shy away from that gap. But the trend is clear, the direction is right, and the pace is picking up.
Now let me turn to something even more important: cutting carbon has not held back our economy.
In 2025, Taiwan's economy grew by 8.8%. For 2026, the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics projects full-year growth above 12%. Growth in the first three quarters has already reached 14.22%, the highest in nearly half a century. Even with growth this strong, our emissions are still falling.
I asked my colleagues to prepare a comparison of eight economies from 2015 to 2025: Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, China, the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Here is what we found.
Germany and the UK made the deepest cuts, reducing emissions by 26 to 27% over the decade. But their economies grew only 9 to 15% in that time, and a considerable share of Germany's recent reductions came from lower output in energy-intensive industries. Japan cut emissions by 11%, but its economy grew only 5% over the decade. The US economy grew 27%, yet emissions fell by only 3%, and in 2025 they rebounded by 2.4%, outpacing GDP growth. China and Singapore grew rapidly, but their emissions are still rising.
And Taiwan? Over the decade, our economy grew 47.6% while emissions fell 8.7%. Among these eight economies, Taiwan is the only one that achieved both high growth and an absolute decline in emissions. What is more, in 2024 and 2025, the faster the economy grew, the more emissions fell.
This is no coincidence. This wave of growth in Taiwan comes from high-value, low-carbon-intensity industries such as semiconductors and AI, not from energy-intensive manufacturing. It is the most concrete proof that energy security and climate goals are "complementary, not contradictory."
Third, the institutions are in place.
Our carbon fee system has entered actual collection. It is Taiwan's first step in carbon pricing, and its revenue will directly support mitigation and adaptation. The Resource Circulation Promotion Act was promulgated this June, bringing product life cycles, green design, and circular procurement into law. Taiwan's NDC 3.0 sets reduction targets of 28±2% by 2030, 32±2% by 2032, and 38±2% by 2035. The 2026–2030 reduction action plans for six major sectors include 20 flagship programs, with results published every year and cross-ministerial oversight.
Measured against COP31's six global targets, Taiwan is already on track in many areas:
* Electrification: Against the 35% global target, electricity already accounted for 34.8% of Taiwan's final energy use in 2025.
* Buildings: Against the target of cutting building energy intensity by 25%, our residential and commercial sector actions already cover building energy efficiency and equipment efficiency.
* NDC implementation: Turning NDCs into investable projects is exactly what our carbon fee system and the third-phase sectoral action plans are doing.
We are not chasing from behind.
Fourth, as emissions have fallen, our air has become cleaner.
This is something I especially want to share with our fellow citizens. Taiwan's annual average PM2.5 concentration has dropped from 24 micrograms in 2013 to about 12.8 micrograms in 2024. This year's Air Quality Policy White Paper sets the targets lower still, to 12 and then 10, moving ultimately toward the WHO guideline of 5 micrograms. Net zero and pollution reduction are one and the same. Every tonne of coal we don't burn cuts not only carbon dioxide but also PM2.5, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. We are advancing a cross-ministerial four-layer protection framework for children and schools. We have designated 38 school air quality maintenance zones nationwide, and we are prioritizing monitoring at primary and secondary schools in sensitive areas. In the end, cutting carbon is about protecting people's health.
III. Not in the Hall, but Walking with the World
We cannot enter the COP31 venue. That is a fact. But I do not believe this means Taiwan is absent.
From today until November 20, the Ministry of Environment is hosting the "Climate Pulse · Taiwan Together" series of ten forums. They span six themes: net-zero emissions, circular economy, nature-based adaptation, climate finance, just transition, and youth action. We will discuss:
* the co-benefits of net zero and air pollution control;
* the Green Canopy for National Land program and the 3-30-300 rule for urban cooling;
* carbon pricing and lessons from the EU ETS;
* how to connect with global climate finance under the NCQG;
* green competitiveness in the age of AI;
* carbon removal technologies;
* international carbon cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
Every one of these ten forums corresponds to an agenda being discussed in Antalya right now.
This is how we tell the world: Taiwan is listening, Taiwan is acting, and Taiwan is ready to share.
Let me also say this. Climate change does not change its laws of physics depending on whether a country has a seat. Typhoons don't check passports. Rising seas don't check membership. Heatwaves don't stop at national borders. Taiwan is an island, and our situation is as urgent as that of the Pacific Island nations. Every tonne of carbon we cut is a contribution to the world. And every lesson we have learned, from near-term emissions estimation and the carbon fee system to the co-benefits of net zero and pollution reduction, we are willing to share with the international community.
The theme of COP31 is "Dialogue, Consensus, and Action." In Taiwan, we are doing all three. Dialogue is these ten forums.
Consensus is the growing number of people, from central to local government and from industry to civil society, who believe that cutting carbon and growing the economy can go hand in hand. Action is an emissions curve that has fallen for four years in a row.
Taiwan sits at the most critical position in the global AI supply chain. Our decarbonization pathway will also shape the direction of data centers around the world. We are prepared, and we hope our international partners will make good use of AI for Climate, while also thinking seriously about Climate for AI.
I cannot speak in Antalya. But I believe the data will speak, and our actions will speak. The world will come to see an economy that cut its emissions while growing more than ten percent, and a government that holds itself to the highest international standards even without a seat.
Taiwan is not absent. Taiwan has always been here.
Thank you.
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