Outtakes #5: Crash Course Astronomy

Drop by drop, water has the power to break rock and create whole new landforms. But how? In this episode of Crash Course Geology, we’ll trace how the water cycle works and how this humble geological force sculpts the land as we know it—faster than you might think.Introduction: Channeled Scablands 00:00Weathering and Erosion 0:44Groundwater 4:21Floods 6:04Review & Credits 9:19Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0Check out our CC Geology Extracurricular Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOmqnkvEtNVOrm0eaIjFjJ7***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As we approach the end of Crash Course Astronomy, it’s time now to acknowledge that our Universe’s days are numbered. Stars will die out after a few trillion years, protons will decay and matter will dissolve after a thousand trillion trillion trillion years, black holes will evaporate after 10^92 years, and then all will be dark. But there is still hope that a new Universe will be born from it.Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-posterIf you want to learn more about the creation and death of the universe, watch Crash Course Big History here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMczXZUmjb3mZSU1Roxnrey--Chapters:Introduction: The End of the Universe 00:00Scientific Notation 1:34The Five Ages of the Universe 2:20The Primordial Era 2:52The Stelliferous Era (You Are Here!) 3:05The Degenerate Era 4:48The Black Hole Era 7:42The Dark Era 9:39The Big Rip 10:20Other Possibilities: Multiverses & The Cosmic Reboot 11:52Review 14:10--PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudiosFollow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomerWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse--Hawking Radiation Mechanism resources:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiationhttp://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/hawking.htmlhttp://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.htmlhttp://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/154647/how-does-the-hawking-radiation-mechanism-cause-a-black-hole-to-lose-its-massPHOTOS/VIDEOSHubble ACS SWEEPS Field http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star/star_field/pr2011016b/ [credit: NASA, ESA, W. Clarkson (Indiana University and UCLA), and K. Sahu (STScI)]Flare http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/dg_cvn_flare_final_4k_0.jpg [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger]Hubble Views Stellar Genesis in the Southern Pinwheel http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/04/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)]White Dwarf http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_468.html [credit: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI) and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)]Neutron Star Illustrated https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neutron_star_illustrated.jpg [credit: NASA, Casey Reed - Penn State University]Black Holes: Monsters in Space http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/multimedia/pia16695.html [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech]Binary Neutron Star Video https://nasaviz.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030500/a030569/slide_04-B3_CWDB_inspiral.mp4 [credit: NASA]Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1316 in Fornax Cluster https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0024a/ [credit: ESO]Proton Aurora http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=20099 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab]A Race Round a Black Hole http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/universe/blackhole_race.html [credit: NASA/Dana Berry, SkyWorks Digital]The Big Bang http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10128 [credit: NASA]Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2014 http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/27/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, H. Teplitz and M. Rafelski (IPAC/Caltech), A. Koekemoer (STScI), R. Windhorst (Arizona State University), and Z. Levay (STScI)]Galaxy http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap150614.html [credit: Subaru Telescope (NAOJ), Hubble Space Telescope, Robert Gendler]One star, many stars (M13) http://www.deepskycolors.com/archive/2011/05/04/one-star-many-stars-M13.html [credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo]Earth https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/earth-from-space-15-amazing-things-in-15-years [credit: Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week Hank introduces skepticism, exploring everything from the nature of reality through the eyes of a 17th century philosopher and, of course, The Matrix.--PBS Digital Studios wants to get to know you better! If you have 10 minutes, we'd really appreciate it AND you'll be entered for a chance to win a t-shirt! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/pbsds2016--Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"The Matrix" stills copyright 1999 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.“Crowd with Violin Playing” by Freesound user alukahn: http://freesound.org/people/alukahn/sounds/144139/--Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudiosCrash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace.http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse--Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashC...Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We know smoking causes cancer. But the journey to that knowledge is way wilder than you think. In our last episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we’ll explore what happens when scientific research clashes with public opinion, individual values, and corporate interests.Introduction: Smoking Causes Cancer 00:00Empirical Evidence 0:39Researching Lung Cancer 1:54Manufactured Doubt 4:15The Fall of Tobacco 7:03Individual Choice & Values 7:36Takeaways from the War on Smoking 8:31Review & Credits 10:43Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, Michael Maher, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Stephen Akuffo, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, UwU, David Fanska, oranjeez, Brandon Thomas, Toni Miles, Elizabeth LaBelle, Emily Beazley, Leah H., Rie Ohta, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Tanner Hedrick, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Les Aker, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Pietro Gagliardi, Alan Bridgeman, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Steve Segreto, Liz Wdow, Constance Urist, Thomas, Katie Dean, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jennifer Killen, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, John Lee, Evol Hong, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Emily T, Breanna Bosso, Bernardo Garza, Rizwan Kassim, Jason Buster, Wai Jack Sin, Scott Harrison, Triad Terrace, Ian Dundore, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Ken Penttinen, Barrett, Krystle Young, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, Erminio Di Lodovico, Perry Joyce, Siobhán, team dorsey, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks, Tandy Ratliff__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

At the end of our journey through modern European history, we're taking an episode to look back at how the practice of history developed and what the aim and goals and purpose of history have been. We'll also take time to consider how we should approach history research and writing going forward. Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Phil Simmons, Alexander Thomson, Mark & Susan Billian, Eric Z, Alan Bridgeman, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Ron Lin, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Prestemon, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El, Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Tom Trval, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Justin Zingsheim, Andrei Krishkevich, Jirat, Brian Thomas Gossett, SR Foxley, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks, Sam Buck, Catherine Conroy, Patty Laqua, Leonora Rossé Muñoz, Stephen Saar, John Lee--Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids#crashcourse #history #europeanhistory Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hank explains the extremely complex series of reactions whereby plants feed themselves on sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, and also create some by products we're pretty fond of as well.This video uses sounds from Freesound.org.Citations:http://biology.about.com/od/plantbiology/a/aa050605a.htmhttp://www.rsc.org/Education/Teachers/Resources/cfb/Photosynthesis.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21598/http://www.life.illinois.edu/govindjee/paper/gov.htmlhttp://scienceaid.co.uk/biology/biochemistry/photosynthesis.htmlhttp://www.biology-innovation.co.uk/pages/plant-biology-ecology/photosynthesis/http://chemistry.about.com/od/lecturenotesl3/a/photosynthesis_4.htmhttp://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/conn.river/calvin.htmlhttp://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/thermo/probability.htmlTable of Contents:1) Water 1:162) Carbon Dioxide 1:323) Sunlight/Photons 1:434) Chloroplasts 1:575) Light Reaction/Light-Dependent 2:42a. Photosystem II 3:33b. Cytochrome Complex 5:54c. ATP Synthase 6:16d. Photosystem I 7:066) Dark Reactions/Light-Independent 7:55a. Phase 1 - Carbon Fixation 8:50b. Phase 2 - Reduction 11:31c. Phase 3 - Regeneration 12:02Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It can be hard to strike the right tone or know what’s going to appeal to someone, but there are tricks. We can craft a narrative and use well-placed emotional appeals to tell customers a story.Even if you don’t consider yourself a persuasive person, you don’t need a +5 charisma modifier to succeed at this crucial stage of entrepreneurship. ***Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Indika Siriwardena, Avi Yashchin, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haixiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Zach Van Stanley, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore--Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Alkanes are kind of the wallflowers of organic chemistry, but they still have important functions in the world around us. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry we’re building our knowledge of organic molecules by learning all about these so called couch potatoes from how they are separated from crude oil to how to use Newman projections to predict torsional strain and steric hinderance. We’ll also learn the names of some common conformers and get an introduction to cycloalkanes. Episode Sources:M. Faraday and W. Crooks, The Chemical History of a Candle, a Course of Lectures Delivered Before a Juvenile Audience at the Royal Institution, 1908. https://archive.org/details/chemicalhistoryo00faraiala/page/158Series Sources:Brown, W. H., Iverson, B. L., Ansyln, E. V., Foote, C., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2018.Bruice, P. Y., Organic Chemistry, 7th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2014.Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren., S., Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.Jones Jr., M.; Fleming, S. A., Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2014. Klein., D., Organic Chemistry; 1st ed.; John Wiley & Sons, United States, 2012.Louden M., Organic Chemistry; 5th ed.; Roberts and Company Publishers, Colorado, 2009.McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, 9th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2016.Smith, J. G., Organic chemistry; 6th ed.; McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2020.Wade., L. G., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2013.***Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, William McGraw, Siobhan Sabino, Mark W Billian, Jason Saslow, Jennifer Killen, Jon & Jennifer Smith, DAVID NOE, Jonathan Zbikowski, Shawn Arnold, Trevin Beattie, Matthew Curls, Khaled El Shalakany, Ian Dundore, Kenneth F Penttinen, Eric Koslow, Timothy J Kwist, Indika Siriwardena, Caleb Weeks, Zhu Junrong, HAIXIANG N/A LIU, Nathan Taylor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, SR Foxley, Tom Trval, Justin Zingsheim, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Jessica Wode, Nathan Catchings, Yasenia Cruz, christopher crowell, Jirat--Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to Crash Course Geology! Over the course of 25 episodes, Sage will introduce you to the incredible geological forces, cycles, and processes that shape our world. This series will explore how geology touches all of our lives — and connects us to a much bigger story.Course DescriptionIn 25 episodes, we’re going to learn about geology—the study of Earth’s physical structure and processes. Our host, Sage, will teach you about the geological forces and cycles that shape our planet’s past, present, and future. This content is based on an introductory university-level curriculum. By the end of this course, you should be able to: Trace Earth’s development from its earliest periods to its current structureUnderstand the forces of plate tectonics and how they shape Earth’s landscapeDescribe the formation of geologic elements like minerals, rocks, and gems Identify geologic forces and cycles that impact the earth, while dispelling myths about extreme geological hazardsLearn what geology reveals about Earth’s distant past and what it can teach us about our current changing climateExplore the geology of other planets within the context of Earth’s unique and common qualities and phenomenaBecome familiar with different specialities within geology and what different types of geologists doKey texts cited include:Marshak, Stephen. 2021. Earth: Portrait of a Planet, Seventh Edition.Babcock, Loren E. 2009. Gemstones and Precious Metals. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpwM8ZQPFk_DkzMJjMdtRrNGrJSNJ7FbgmQybSZ2Cqo/edit?tab=t.0***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Mike Cumings, Jr., NassauLinda, Chuck Smith, DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Matthew Fredericksen, Michael Maher, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Stephen Akuffo, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, UwU, David Fanska, oranjeez, Brandon Thomas, Toni Miles, Elizabeth LaBelle, Emily Beazley, Leah H., Rie Ohta, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Tanner Hedrick, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Les Aker, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Pietro Gagliardi, Alan Bridgeman, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Steve Segreto, Liz Wdow, Constance Urist, Thomas, Katie Dean, ClareG, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jennifer Killen, Kristina D Knight, Nathan Taylor, John Lee, Evol Hong, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Emily T, Breanna Bosso, Bernardo Garza, Rizwan Kassim, Jason Buster, Wai Jack Sin, Scott Harrison, Triad Terrace, Ian Dundore, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Ken Penttinen, Barrett, Krystle Young, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, Erminio Di Lodovico, Perry Joyce, Siobhán, team dorsey, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks, Tandy Ratliff__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sometimes, friendship isn't forever. At the conclusion of World War II, the old structures of power were a shambles. The traditional European powers were greatly weakened by years of total war and widespread destruction. The USSR was looking to expand its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, and at the same time, the United States was assisting with the rebuilding of Western Europe (with some hegemonic strings attached). As two nuclear-armed superpowers emerged, the world entered the Cold War.Sources-Anslover, Nicole L. Harry Truman: The Coming of the Cold War. New York: Routledge, 2014.-Burleigh, Michael. Small Wars, Faraway Places: Global Insurrection and the Making of the Modern World, 1945–1965. New York: Viking, 2013.-Feinberg, Melissa. Curtain of Lies: The Battle over Truth in Stalinist Eastern Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017-Smith, Bonnie G. Europe in the Contemporary World, 1900 to the Present. 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury, 2020.-Westad, Odd Arne. The Global Cold War : Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017.Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, William McGraw, Siobhan Sabino, Jason Saslow, Jennifer Killen, Jon & Jennifer Smith, DAVID NOE, Jonathan Zbikowski, Shawn Arnold, Trevin Beattie, Matthew Curls, Rachel Bright, Khaled El Shalakany, Ian Dundore, Kenneth F Penttinen, Eric Koslow, TimothyJ Kwist, Indika Siriwardena, Caleb Weeks, HAIXIANGN/A LIU, Nathan Taylor, Andrei Krishkevich, Sam Ferguson, Brian Thomas Gossett, SR Foxley, Tom Trval, Justin Zingsheim, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Jessica Wode, Nathan Catchings, Yasenia Cruz, Jirat--Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids#crashcourse #history #europeanhistory Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices