The Occult Rejects

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsEarly Sexology and the Classification of Sexual ExperienceBullough, Vern L. Science in the Bedroom: A History of Sex Research. New York: Basic Books, 1994.Dose, Ralf. Magnus Hirschfeld: The Origins of the Gay Liberation Movement. Translated by Edward H. Willis. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2014.Ellis, Havelock. Studies in the Psychology of Sex. 7 vols. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company, 1901–1928.Hirschfeld, Magnus. The Homosexuality of Men and Women. Translated by Michael A. Lombardi-Nash. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2000. Originally published in German in 1914.Irvine, Janice M. Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology. Rev. ed. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005.Robinson, Paul. The Modernization of Sex: Havelock Ellis, Alfred Kinsey, William Masters, and Virginia Johnson. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.Wolff, Charlotte. Magnus Hirschfeld: A Portrait of a Pioneer in Sexology. London: Quartet Books, 1986.Kinsey and the Survey-Based Study of Sexual BehaviorCochran, William G., Frederick Mosteller, and John W. Tukey. Statistical Problems of the Kinsey Report on Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Washington, DC: American Statistical Association, 1954.Gathorne-Hardy, Jonathan. Sex the Measure of All Things: A Life of Alfred C. Kinsey. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000.Kinsey, Alfred C., Wardell B. Pomeroy, and Clyde E. Martin. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1948.Kinsey, Alfred C., Wardell B. Pomeroy, Clyde E. Martin, and Paul H. Gebhard. Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1953.Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.Pomeroy, Wardell B. Dr. Kinsey and the Institute for Sex Research. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.Wilhelm Reich, Orgasmic Potency, and Biological-Energy TheoryReich, Wilhelm. Character Analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1972. Originally published in German in 1933.Reich, Wilhelm. The Function of the Orgasm: Sex-Economic Problems of Biological Energy. New York: Orgone Institute Press, 1942.Sharaf, Myron. Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.Turner, Christopher. Adventures in the Orgasmatron: How the Sexual Revolution Came to America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.Masters and Johnson and the Physiological Response CycleMasters, William H., and Virginia E. Johnson. Human Sexual Inadequacy. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970.Masters, William H., and Virginia E. Johnson. Human Sexual Response. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1966.Maier, Thomas. Masters of Sex: The Life and Times of William Masters and Virginia Johnson, the Couple Who Taught America How to Love. New York: Basic Books, 2009.Desire, Arousal, and Nonlinear Response ModelsBancroft, John. Human Sexuality and Its Problems. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2009.Basson, Rosemary. “The Female Sexual Response: A Different Model.” Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 26, no. 1 (2000): 51–65. SourceBasson, Rosemary. “Human Sex-Response Cycles.” Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 27, no. 1 (2001): 33–43. SourceKaplan, Helen Singer. The New Sex Therapy: Active Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1974.Kaplan, Helen Singer. Disorders of Sexual Desire and Other New Concepts and Techniques in Sex Therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1979.Levin, Roy J. “The Human Sexual Response Cycle.” In The Textbook of Clinical Sexual Medicine, edited by Waguih William IsHak, 39–51. Cham: Springer, 2017.Subjective and Genital ArousalChivers, Meredith L., Michael C. Seto, Martin L. Lalumière, Ellen Laan, and Teresa Grimbos. “Agreement of Self-Reported and Genital Measures of Sexual Arousal in Men and Women: A Meta-Analysis.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 39, no. 1 (2010): 5–56. SourceChivers, Meredith L., Gerulf Rieger, Elizabeth Latty, and J. Michael Bailey. “A Sex Difference in the Specificity of Sexual Arousal.” Psychological Science 15, no. 11 (2004): 736–744.Laan, Ellen, Walter Everaerd, Gerard van der Velde, and Paul Geer. “Determinants of Subjective Experience of Sexual Arousal in Women: Feedback from Genital Arousal and Erotic Stimulus Content.” Psychophysiology 32, no. 5 (1995): 444–451.Meston, Cindy M., and Bradford A. Gorzalka. “Differential Effects of Sympathetic Activation on Sexual Arousal in Sexually Dysfunctional and Functional Women.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 105, no. 4 (1996): 582–591.Suschinsky, Kelly D., Martin L. Lalumière, and Meredith L. Chivers. “Sex Differences in Patterns of Genital Sexual Arousal: Measurement Artifacts or True Phenomena?” Archives of Sexual Behavior 38, no. 4 (2009): 559–573. SourcePhysiological Measurement of Genital ResponseGeer, James H., and S. Head. “The Sexual Response System.” In Principles of Psychophysiology: Physical, Social, and Inferential Elements, edited by John T. Cacioppo and Louis G. Tassinary, 599–630. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.Janssen, Erick. “Psychophysiological Measurement of Sexual Arousal.” In Handbook for Conducting Research on Human Sexuality, edited by Michael W. Wiederman and Bernard E. Whitley Jr., 139–171. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. SourceSintchak, George, and James H. Geer. “A Vaginal Plethysmograph System.” Psychophysiology 12, no. 1 (1975): 113–115.Woodard, Terri L., and Michael P. Diamond. “Physiologic Measures of Sexual Function in Women: A Review.” Fertility and Sterility 92, no. 1 (2009): 19–34. SourceOrgasmic Contraction and Pelvic-Floor PhysiologyBohlen, Joseph G., James P. Held, Malcolm O. Sanderson, and Robert Ahlgren. “The Female Orgasm: Pelvic Contractions.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 11, no. 5 (1982): 367–386.Bohlen, Joseph G., James P. Held, Malcolm O. Sanderson, and Robert Ahlgren. “The Male Orgasm: Pelvic Contractions Measured by Anal Probe.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 9, no. 6 (1980): 503–521.Levin, Roy J. “The Mechanisms of Human Female Sexual Arousal.” Annual Review of Sex Research 3 (1992): 1–48.Meston, Cindy M., Elaine Hull, Roy J. Levin, and Marca Sipski. “Disorders of Orgasm in Women.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 1, no. 1 (2004): 66–68. SourceNeuroendocrine Responses to OrgasmBrody, Stuart, and Tillmann H. C. Krüger. “The Post-Orgasmic Prolactin Increase Following Intercourse Is Greater than Following Masturbation and Suggests Greater Satiety.” Biological Psychology 71, no. 3 (2006): 312–315.Carmichael, Mary S., Robert Humbert, Jean Dixen, Gary Palmisano, William Greenleaf, and Judith M. Davidson. “Plasma Oxytocin Increases in the Human Sexual Response.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 64, no. 1 (1987): 27–31.Exton, Michael S., Tillmann H. C. Krüger, Ute Bursch, Klaus Knapp, Thomas Haake, and Manfred Schedlowski. “Endocrine Response to Masturbation-Induced Orgasm in Healthy Men Following a Three-Week Sexual Abstinence.” World Journal of Urology 19, no. 5 (2001): 377–382.Haake, P., Michael S. Exton, J. Haverkamp, M. Krämer, N. Leygraf, U. Hartmann, M. Schedlowski, and Tillmann H. C. Krüger. “Absence of Orgasm-Induced Prolactin Secretion in a Healthy Multi-Orgasmic Male Subject.” International Journal of Impotence Research 14, no. 2 (2002): 133–135. SourceKrüger, Tillmann H. C., P. Haake, D. Chereath, W. Knapp, O. E. Janssen, M. S. Exton, M. Schedlowski, and U. Hartmann. “Specificity of the Neuroendocrine Response to Orgasm during Sexual Arousal in Men.” Journal of Endocrinology 177, no. 1 (2003): 57–64. SourceKrüger, Tillmann H. C., Philip Haake, Uwe Hartmann, Manfred Schedlowski, and Michael S. Exton. “Orgasm-Induced Prolactin Secretion: Feedback Control of Sexual Drive?” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 26, no. 1 (2002): 31–44. SourceMurphy, Michael R., John R. Seckl, Stephen Burton, Susan A. Checkley, and Susan L. Lightman. “Changes in Oxytocin and Vasopressin Secretion during Sexual Activity in Men.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 65, no. 4 (1987): 738–741.PET and fMRI Studies of Sexual Arousal and OrgasmGeorgiadis, Janniko R. “Doing It… Wild? On the Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Human Sexual Activity.” Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology 2, no. 1 (2012): 17337.Georgiadis, Janniko R., and Morten L. Kringelbach. “The Human Sexual Response Cycle: Brain Imaging Evidence Linking Sex to Other Pleasures.” Progress in Neurobiology 98, no. 1 (2012): 49–81.Georgiadis, Janniko R., A. A. T. Simone Reinders, Anne M. J. Paans, Remco Renken, and Rudie Kortekaas. “Men versus Women on Sexual Brain Function: Prominent Differences during Tactile Genital Stimulation, but Not during Orgasm.” Human Brain Mapping 30, no. 10 (2009): 3089–3101. SourceGeorgiadis, Janniko R., Rudie Kortekaas, Rutger Kuipers, Arie Nieuwenburg, Jan Pruim, A. A. T. Simone Reinders, and Gert Holstege. “Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Associated with Clitorally Induced Orgasm in Healthy Women.” European Journal of Neuroscience 24, no. 11 (2006): 3305–3316.Holstege, Gert, Janniko R. Georgiadis, Anne M. J. Paans, Linda C. Meiners, F. H.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPRIMARY SOURCESFicino, Marsilio. Commentary on Plato’s Symposium on Love. Translated by Sears Jayne. Spring Publications.Ficino, Marsilio. Letters of Marsilio Ficino. Translated by members of the Language Department of the School of Economic Science. Shepheard-Walwyn.Ficino, Marsilio. Platonic Theology. Translated by Michael J. B. Allen and John Warden. Harvard University Press.Ficino, Marsilio. Three Books on Life. Translated by Carol V. Kaske and John R. Clark. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies.Ficino, Marsilio, translator. The Pimander, his Latin translation of the philosophical writings later known as the Corpus Hermeticum.Hermes Trismegistus. Corpus Hermeticum. Translated by Brian P. Copenhaver in Hermetica. Cambridge University Press.Hermes Trismegistus. The Way of Hermes. Translated by Clement Salaman, Dorine van Oyen, William D. Wharton, and Jean-Pierre Mahé. Inner Traditions.Plato. Complete Works. Edited by John M. Cooper. Hackett Publishing.Plotinus. The Enneads. Translated by A. H. Armstrong. Harvard University Press.MEDIEVAL BUILDINGS, PROTECTIVE MARKS, AND POPULAR RELIGIONChampion, Matthew. Medieval Graffiti: The Lost Voices of England’s Churches. Ebury Press, 2015.Davies, Owen. Popular Magic: Cunning-Folk in English History. Hambledon Continuum, 2003.Easton, Timothy. Selected studies on apotropaic markings, concealed objects, and ritual protection within historic English buildings.Gilchrist, Roberta. Sacred Heritage: Monastic Archaeology, Identities, Beliefs. Cambridge University Press, 2020.Hutton, Ronald. The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present. Yale University Press, 2017.Merrifield, Ralph. The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic. B. T. Batsford, 1987.Page, Sophie. Magic in Medieval Manuscripts. University of Toronto Press, 2004.Page, Sophie. Magic in the Cloister: Pious Motives, Illicit Interests, and Occult Approaches to the Medieval Universe. Pennsylvania State University Press.Peters, Edward. The Magician, the Witch, and the Law. University of Pennsylvania Press.Wilson, Ben. Studies and conservation literature concerning ritual protection marks in historic buildings.RENAISSANCE HUMANISM AND THE RECOVERY OF GREEK LEARNINGBlack, Robert. Humanism and Education in Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Cambridge University Press.Burke, Peter. The Renaissance. Palgrave Macmillan.Hankins, James. Humanism and Platonism in the Italian Renaissance. Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.Hankins, James. Plato in the Italian Renaissance. Brill.Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Renaissance Thought and Its Sources. Columbia University Press.Monfasani, John. Byzantine Scholars in Renaissance Italy: Cardinal Bessarion and Other Emigrés. Variorum.Nauert, Charles G. Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe. Cambridge University Press.MARSILIO FICINO, HERMETICISM, AND NATURAL MAGICAllen, Michael J. B. Marsilio Ficino and the Phaedran Charioteer. University of California Press.Allen, Michael J. B. The Platonism of Marsilio Ficino. University of California Press.Bull, Christian H. The Tradition of Hermes Trismegistus: The Egyptian Priestly Figure as a Teacher of Hellenized Wisdom. Brill.Copenhaver, Brian P. Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius. Cambridge University Press.Copenhaver, Brian P. Magic in Western Culture: From Antiquity to the Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press.Ebeling, Florian. The Secret History of Hermes Trismegistus: Hermeticism from Ancient to Modern Times. Cornell University Press.Fowden, Garth. The Egyptian Hermes: A Historical Approach to the Late Pagan Mind. Princeton University Press.Hanegraaff, Wouter J. Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture. Cambridge University Press.Kaske, Carol V., and John R. Clark. Introduction and commentary to Marsilio Ficino’s Three Books on Life. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies.Klibansky, Raymond, Erwin Panofsky, and Fritz Saxl. Saturn and Melancholy: Studies in the History of Natural Philosophy, Religion, and Art. McGill-Queen’s University Press.Kristeller, Paul Oskar. The Philosophy of Marsilio Ficino. Columbia University Press.Robichaud, Denis J.-J. Plato’s Persona: Marsilio Ficino, Renaissance Humanism, and Platonic Traditions. University of Pennsylvania Press.Voss, Angela. Marsilio Ficino. North Atlantic Books.Walker, D. P. Spiritual and Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella. University of Notre Dame Press.Yates, Frances A. Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition. University of Chicago Press.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPRIMARY AND EARLY SOURCESAnonymous. Arbatel de magia veterum: summum sapientiae studium**. Basel: [Peter Perna], 1575.**This is the principal primary source for the episode and the earliest known printed appearance of Aratron, Bethor, Phaleg, Och, Hagith, Ophiel and Phul as the seven Olympic governors. The surviving 1575 copy held by the Universitätsbibliothek Basel is especially important because it allows comparison of the original Latin against later translations. The Basel catalogue identifies the edition as printed in Basel in 1575 and attributes the printing to Peter Perna.Most heavily used: Aphorisms 14–21, particularly 15–18 for the definition of Olympic Spirits, their names and governments, planetary provinces, characters, the 490-year periods, “Olympic speech,” and the warning concerning the temporary efficacy of spirit names.Turner, Robert, trans. “Arbatel of Magick.” In Henry Cornelius Agrippa, His Fourth Book of Occult Philosophy; Of Geomancy; Magical Elements of Peter de Abano; Astronomical Geomancy; The Nature of Spirits; Arbatel of Magick**. London: J.C. for John Harrison, 1655.**Turner’s translation became one of the principal routes through which English-speaking occultists encountered the Arbatel. It is also important for tracing later translation problems—particularly Turner’s rendering of the duration of efficacious Olympic names as forty years rather than the 140 given in the Latin. The Library of Congress preserves and digitizes the 1655 volume.Trithemius, Johannes. De Septem Secundeis, id est, Intelligentiis sive Spiritibus Orbes post Deum Moventibus**. Written 1508; first printed 1522/early sixteenth-century editions.**Essential for the planetary-governor system preceding the Arbatel. Trithemius describes seven secondary intelligences governing the world beneath God for periods of 354 years and four months. His Saturnian governor Orifiel is explicitly described as bearing a “name of office, not of nature” — nomen est officii, non naturae, an extraordinary conceptual parallel to the Arbatel’s later emphasis upon office over permanent names.Pietro d’Abano [Peter of Abano]. Conciliator differentiarum philosophorum et praecipue medicorum**. Early fourteenth century.**Important for the earlier planetary-spirit tradition underlying Trithemius. The planetary names associated with this current include Cassiel, Sachiel, Samael, Michael, Anael, Raphael and Gabriel. Peterson’s research traces Trithemius’s planetary-age doctrine back through this material.Paracelsus [Theophrastus von Hohenheim]. De causis morborum invisibilium [On the Causes of Invisible Diseases]. Written c. 1531–1532; first printed posthumously in the sixteenth century.One of our most important pre-Arbatel sources. Paracelsus uses Olympic Spirit / Olympic Spirits in connection with invisible celestial operations and the relationship between the stars of the macrocosm and those within the human microcosm. Peterson identifies this as a key source for understanding the Arbatel’s Paracelsian vocabulary.Paracelsus. Philosophia Sagax**. Written c. 1537; first printed 1571.**Particularly important because Paracelsus projected a third book concerning Olympici Novi. That portion is not preserved as part of the authentic work. Its absence has led scholars—including Joseph Peterson—to consider whether the Arbatel’s Olympic material emerged partly within the intellectual space created by Paracelsian ideas about Olympic magic. This should remain presented as a historical possibility rather than proven authorship or direct derivation.The Holy Bible, Genesis 10:25, Latin Vulgate.Used specifically in our discussion of Phaleg. The Latin biblical tradition uses the form Phaleg for Peleg and explicitly associates his name with the division of the earth. The correspondence with the Martial Olympic governor is therefore historically real at the level of vocabulary, although the Arbatel never states that its Phaleg was intentionally named for the biblical figure.The Holy Bible, Daniel 9:24–27.Used when discussing the possible significance of the Arbatel’s 490-year planetary governments. Daniel’s seventy symbolic “weeks” generate a traditional 70 × 7 = 490-year chronological framework. We treat this only as a possible numerical background because the Arbatel never explicitly derives its 490-year cycle from Daniel.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPrimary and Foundational Medical TextsAvicenna. The Canon of Medicine of Avicenna. Translated by O. Cameron Gruner. London: Luzac & Company, 1930.Breuer, Josef, and Sigmund Freud. Studies on Hysteria. Translated and edited by James Strachey, with Alix Strachey. New York: Basic Books, 1957. Originally published 1895.Charcot, Jean-Martin. Leçons sur les maladies du système nerveux faites à la Salpêtrière. 3 vols. Paris: Adrien Delahaye and Émile Lecrosnier, 1872–1887.Colombo, Realdo. De re anatomica. Venice: Nicolò Bevilacqua, 1559.Descartes, René. The Passions of the Soul. Translated by Stephen H. Voss. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1989. Originally published 1649.Descartes, René. Treatise of Man. Translated by Thomas Steele Hall. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.Falloppio, Gabriele. Observationes anatomicae. Venice, 1561.Ficino, Marsilio. Three Books on Life. Translated by Carol V. Kaske and John R. Clark. Binghamton, NY: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1989.Freud, Sigmund. Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 7, translated and edited by James Strachey, 123–246. London: Hogarth Press, 1953. Originally published 1905.Galvani, Luigi. Commentary on the Effects of Electricity on Muscular Motion. Translated by Robert Montraville Green. Cambridge, MA: Elizabeth Licht, 1953. Originally published 1791.Haller, Albrecht von. “De partibus corporis humani sensilibus et irritabilibus.” Commentarii Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 2 (1753): 114–158.Harvey, William. An Anatomical Disputation Concerning the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Living Creatures. Translated by Gweneth Whitteridge. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1976. Originally published 1628.Janet, Pierre. L’Automatisme psychologique: Essai de psychologie expérimentale sur les formes inférieures de l’activité humaine. Paris: Félix Alcan, 1889.Mesmer, Franz Anton. Mesmerism: A Translation of the Original Medical and Scientific Writings of F. A. Mesmer. Translated by George Bloch. Los Altos, CA: William Kaufmann, 1980.Paracelsus. Selected Writings. Edited by Jolande Jacobi. Translated by Norbert Guterman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951.Vesalius, Andreas. The Fabric of the Human Body: An Annotated Translation of the 1543 and 1555 Editions of “De humani corporis fabrica libri septem.” Translated by Daniel H. Garrison and Malcolm H. Hast. 2 vols. Basel: Karger, 2014.Medieval Islamic Medicine and Its TransmissionBurnett, Charles, and Danielle Jacquart, eds. Constantine the African and ʿAlī ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Maǧūsī: The Pantegni and Related Texts. Leiden: Brill, 1994.Jacquart, Danielle, and Claude Thomasset. Sexuality and Medicine in the Middle Ages. Translated by Matthew Adamson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.McGinnis, Jon, ed. Interpreting Avicenna: Critical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.McVaugh, Michael R. Medicine Before the Plague: Practitioners and Their Patients in the Crown of Aragon, 1285–1345. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Pormann, Peter E., and Emilie Savage-Smith. Medieval Islamic Medicine. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007.Siraisi, Nancy G. Avicenna in Renaissance Italy: The Canon and Medical Teaching in Italian Universities after 1500. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.Siraisi, Nancy G. Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: An Introduction to Knowledge and Practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.Medieval and Early Modern Gender, Reproduction, and SexualityGreen, Monica H. Making Women’s Medicine Masculine: The Rise of Male Authority in Pre-Modern Gynaecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.King, Helen. The Disease of Virgins: Green Sickness, Chlorosis, and the Problems of Puberty. London: Routledge, 2004.Laqueur, Thomas. Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.Murray, Jacqueline. “The Law of Sin That Is in My Members: The Problem of Male Embodiment.” In Gender and Holiness: Men, Women and Saints in Late Medieval Europe, edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih, 9–22. London: Routledge, 2002.Park, Katharine. Secrets of Women: Gender, Generation, and the Origins of Human Dissection. New York: Zone Books, 2006.Park, Katharine. “The Rediscovery of the Clitoris: French Medicine and the Tribade, 1570–1620.” In The Body in Parts: Fantasies of Corporeality in Early Modern Europe, edited by David Hillman and Carla Mazzio, 171–193. New York: Routledge, 1997.Stolberg, Michael. “A Woman Down to Her Bones: The Anatomy of Sexual Difference in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries.” Isis 94, no. 2 (2003): 274–299.Renaissance Anatomy, Circulation, and the Early Nervous BodyCunningham, Andrew. The Anatomical Renaissance: The Resurrection of the Anatomical Projects of the Ancients. Aldershot, UK: Scolar Press, 1997.French, Roger. William Harvey’s Natural Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.Kusukawa, Sachiko. Picturing the Book of Nature: Image, Text, and Argument in Sixteenth-Century Human Anatomy and Medical Botany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.Martensen, Robert L. The Brain Takes Shape: An Early History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.O’Malley, Charles Donald. Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514–1564. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.Pagel, Walter. William Harvey’s Biological Ideas: Selected Aspects and Historical Background. Basel: Karger, 1967.Sawday, Jonathan. The Body Emblazoned: Dissection and the Human Body in Renaissance Culture. London: Routledge, 1995.Wear, Andrew. Knowledge and Practice in English Medicine, 1550–1680. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Descartes, Mind, Brain, and Mechanical PhysiologyClarke, Desmond M. Descartes: A Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Gaukroger, Stephen. Descartes: An Intellectual Biography. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.Lokhorst, Gert-Jan. “Descartes and the Pineal Gland.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, revised 2024.Sutton, John. Philosophy and Memory Traces: Descartes to Connectionism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Alchemy, Natural Magic, Imagination, and Occult PhilosophyBruno, Giordano. Cause, Principle and Unity and Essays on Magic. Edited by Richard J. Blackwell and Robert de Lucca. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Copenhaver, Brian P. “Scholastic Philosophy and Renaissance Magic in the De vita of Marsilio Ficino.” Renaissance Quarterly 37, no. 4 (1984): 523–554.Hanegraaff, Wouter J. Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Newman, William R. Promethean Ambitions: Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.Pagel, Walter. Paracelsus: An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the Renaissance. 2nd ed. Basel: Karger, 1982.Walker, D. P. Spiritual and Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella. London: Warburg Institute, 1958.Yates, Frances A. Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.Irritability, Electricity, and the Development of NeurophysiologyClarke, Edwin, and L. S. Jacyna. Nineteenth-Century Origins of Neuroscientific Concepts. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.Finger, Stanley. Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations into Brain Function. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.Piccolino, Marco. “Luigi Galvani and Animal Electricity: Two Centuries after the Foundation of Electrophysiology.” Trends in Neurosciences 20, no. 10 (1997): 443–448.Steinke, Hubert. Irritating Experiments: Haller’s Concept and the European Controversy on Irritability and Sensibility, 1750–90. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2005.Mesmerism, Suggestion, and Altered StatesCrabtree, Adam. From Mesmer to Freud: Magnetic Sleep and the Roots of Psychological Healing. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993.Darnton, Robert. Mesmerism and the End of the Enlightenment in France. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968.Ellenberger, Henri F. The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books, 1970.Harrington, Anne. The Cure Within: A History of Mind–Body Medicine. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.Gauld, Alan. A History of Hypnotism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.Hysteria, Charcot, Janet, and FreudBogousslavsky, Julien, ed. Following Charcot: A Forgotten History of Neurology and Psychiatry. Basel: Karger, 2011.Goldstein, Jan. Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Makari, George. Revolution in Mind: The Creation of Psychoanalysis. New York: Harper, 2008.Micale, Mark S. Approaching Hysteria: Disease and Its Interpretations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.Micale, Mark S. “Charcot and the Idea of Hysteria in the Male: Gender, Mental Science, and Medical Diagnosis in Late Nineteenth-CenturAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsBIBLIOGRAPHY — EPISODE TWOÉLIPHAS LÉVI AND THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY FOUNDATIONLévi, Éliphas. Dogme de la haute magie. First installments, Paris, 1854. Earliest publication context for Lévi’s Baphomet drawing.Lévi, Éliphas. Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie. Paris, 1855–1856.Lévi, Éliphas. Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie. 2nd, greatly expanded ed. Paris/London/New York: Germer Baillière, 1861.Lévi, Éliphas. Transcendental Magic: Its Doctrine and Ritual. Translated by Arthur Edward Waite. London, 1896.Strube, Julian. “The ‘Baphomet’ of Eliphas Lévi: Its Meaning and Historical Context.” Correspondences 4 (2016): 37–79.Du Potet de Sennevoy, Jean. La magie dévoilée. Paris, 1852. Important to the spiritualistic-magnetic context from which Lévi developed his theory of the magical agent.Khunrath, Heinrich. Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae. First edition, 1595; expanded later edition, 1609. Directly relevant because Lévi explicitly invoked Khunrath’s androgyne while explaining the mixed-sex anatomy of Baphomet.Forshaw, Peter J. The Mage’s Images: Heinrich Khunrath in His Oratory and Laboratory. Leiden: Brill, 2025. Detailed modern analysis of Khunrath’s Adam Androgyne and Rebis imagery, including the 1595 Solve / Coagula detail.Hesteau de Nuysement, Clovis. Traittez de l’harmonie et constitution généralle du vray sel, secret des philosophes, et de l’esprit universel du monde. The Hague: Théodore Maire, 1639. Relevant for another alchemical print identified by Strube among the visual influences surrounding Lévi’s Baphomet.Ragon, Jean-Marie. Orthodoxie maçonnique, suivie de la Maçonnerie occulte et de l’initiation hermétique. Paris: E. Dentu, 1853. Important immediate precursor linking alchemical matter, the Goat of Mendes, Kabbalistic ideas, and “specific magnetism”; Lévi reviewed the work in the year before his Baphomet appeared.Decker, Ronald, Thierry Depaulis, and Michael Dummett. A Wicked Pack of Cards: The Origins of the Occult Tarot. London: Duckworth, 1996. Useful background for Lévi’s use of the Tarot of Marseille and the Devil card.Wilkinson, Richard H. The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, 2003. Useful for distinguishing the ram deity Banebdjedet and the ancient religious context of Mendes from later European “Goat of Mendes” constructions.THEOSOPHY AND EARLY RECEPTIONBlavatsky, Helena Petrovna. Isis Unveiled. 2 vols. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1877. Important for the early esoteric reception of Lévi, the Astral Light, and the wider nineteenth-century occult synthesis.Waite, Arthur Edward. Translator’s introduction and notes to Lévi’s Transcendental Magic. London, 1896. Useful for the Anglophone reception and criticism of Lévi.DE GUAITA, WIRTH, AND THE GOAT-PENTAGRAMde Guaita, Stanislas. La Clef de la Magie Noire. Paris, 1897. Primary source for the famous inverted goat-headed pentagram with Leviathan, Samael, and Lilith.Wirth, Oswald. Le Symbolisme hermétique dans ses rapports avec l’alchimie et la Franc-Maçonnerie. Paris: Librairie Initiatique, 1909.Wirth, Oswald. La Franc-Maçonnerie rendue intelligible à ses adeptes: Le Livre du Compagnon. 3rd ed. Paris, 1924. Important for Wirth’s goat-pentagram and his discussion of inverted polarity.Wirth, Oswald. Le Tarot des imagiers du Moyen Age. Paris: Le Symbolisme / Émile Nourry, 1927. Important for Wirth’s identification of the Devil card with the Baphomet of the Templars.ALEISTER CROWLEY AND THELEMACrowley, Aleister. The Confessions of Aleister Crowley. Edited by John Symonds and Kenneth Grant. London: Jonathan Cape, 1969.Crowley, Aleister. Liber XV: Ecclesiae Gnosticae Catholicae Canon Missae, commonly known as The Gnostic Mass.Crowley, Aleister. The Book of Lies. London, 1913.Crowley, Aleister. Magick in Theory and Practice and Magick: Liber ABA, Book 4. Various editions.O.T.O. manifestos and institutional documents. Useful for the Order’s constructed genealogies linking modern initiation with Templar, Masonic, Rosicrucian, Gnostic, and related traditions.MAURICE BESSY AND MODERN SATANISMBessy, Maurice. Histoire en 1000 Images de la Magie. Paris, 1961.Bessy, Maurice. A Pictorial History of Magic and the Supernatural. English ed., 1964.LaVey, Anton Szandor. The Satanic Bible. New York: Avon Books, 1969.LaVey, Anton Szandor. The Satanic Rituals. New York: Avon Books, 1972.Church of Satan. “The History of the Origin of the Sigil of Baphomet and its Use in the Church of Satan.” Institutional history tracing de Guaita, Wirth, Bessy, the LaVeyan sigil, and the organization’s 2026 revision. Use as a primary institutional source rather than an independent authority on medieval Templar history.van Luijk, Ruben. Children of Lucifer: The Origins of Modern Religious Satanism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.Introvigne, Massimo. Satanism: A Social History. Leiden: Brill, 2016.THE SATANIC TEMPLE AND THE MODERN MONUMENTThe Satanic Temple. Official materials concerning the Baphomet Monument, its 2014 commission, 2015 unveiling, and religious-representation campaigns.Cave et al. v. Jester, No. 4:18-cv-00342 (E.D. Ark.), Opinion and Order and Judgment filed 31 March 2026; related Eighth Circuit appeals docketed in 2026. Primary legal sources for the Arkansas litigation involving equal treatment and the Baphomet monument.Laycock, Joseph P. Speak of the Devil: How The Satanic Temple Is Changing the Way We Talk about Religion. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020.MODERN OCCULTISM, SATANISM, AND SYMBOLIC RECEPTIONHanegraaff, Wouter J. Works on Western esotericism and modern occultism, useful for the methodological distinction between documented transmission and retrospective esoteric genealogy.Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. Works on modern Western esotericism and occult revival movements.Faxneld, Per. Studies on modern Satanism, esotericism, gender, and religious transgression.Partner, Peter. The Knights Templar and Their Myth. Useful for understanding how later esoteric and conspiratorial traditions continued to reinterpret Templar history.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPRIMARY AND MEDIEVAL SOURCESAnselm of Ribemont. Letter concerning the First Crusade and Antioch, 1098. Important for the early form Baphometh and the Crusading context in which the word first appears.Gavaudan. Senhors, per los nostres peccatz. Late twelfth-century Occitan crusading poem. Consult the critical text and commentary available through RIALTO, especially the occurrences of Bafometz in an explicitly Christian-Muslim polemical context.Austorc d’Aorlhac. Ai Dieus, per qu’as facha tan gran maleza. Mid-thirteenth-century Occitan lament. RIALTO’s commentary identifies Bafomet as probably referring to Muhammad and discusses the deformation of Muhammad’s name.Ramon Llull tradition / Occitan Doctrina pueril. Medieval Occitan material containing the heading De Bafomet, useful as part of the broader linguistic history of forms associated with Muhammad and Islam.Michelet, Jules, ed. Le Procès des Templiers. Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1841–1851. Major published collection of the French Templar proceedings and an important source for testimony involving heads, idols, Baffometi, Baphometi, and related accusations.Clement V. Vox in excelso, 22 March 1312. Papal decree suppressing the Order of the Temple.The Chinon Parchment, August 1308. Papal record concerning the interrogation, penitence, absolution, and reconciliation of senior Templar leaders.MODERN SCHOLARSHIP ON THE TEMPLARSBarber, Malcolm. The Trial of the Templars. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Barber, Malcolm. The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.Demurger, Alain. The Last Templar: The Tragedy of Jacques de Molay, Last Grand Master of the Temple. London: Profile Books, 2009.Demurger, Alain. The Knights Templar: A New History. Translated by Teresa Lavender Fagan. London: Profile Books, 2007.Nicholson, Helen J. The Knights Templar: A New History. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2001.Partner, Peter. The Knights Templar and Their Myth. Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1990.Frale, Barbara. “The Chinon Chart: Papal Absolution to the Last Templar, Master Jacques de Molay.” Journal of Medieval History 30, no. 2 (2004).Wright, Thomas. Narratives of Sorcery and Magic. London, 1851. A nineteenth-century secondary compilation preserving discussion of the Templar testimony involving “Baffomet,” “Baphomet,” “Yalla,” and “Mahomet”; useful as a reception source and pointer back toward the trial editions rather than as a substitute for the medieval records.RENAISSANCE ALCHEMY AND THE PRE-LÉVI VISUAL LANGUAGERosarium Philosophorum. Frankfurt, 1550. Important for the illustrated alchemical conjunction of solar and lunar, masculine and feminine principles and for the hermaphroditic imagery that predates Lévi by three centuries.Khunrath, Heinrich. Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae. First edition, 1595; expanded later edition, 1609. Essential for the Adam Androgyne and the Alchemical Hermaphrodite or Rebis, including the paired Solve / Coagula language later recalled by Lévi.Forshaw, Peter J. The Mage’s Images: Heinrich Khunrath in His Oratory and Laboratory. Leiden: Brill, 2025. Major modern study of Khunrath’s engravings; especially useful for the sequence of the 1595 circular images, the Rebis, and the detail explicitly catalogued as “Solve [et] Coagula.”Hesteau de Nuysement, Clovis. Traittez de l’harmonie et constitution généralle du vray sel, secret des philosophes, et de l’esprit universel du monde. The Hague: Théodore Maire, 1639. The volume contains a print identified in modern scholarship as another visual source relevant to Lévi’s later synthesis.Guazzo, Francesco Maria. Compendium Maleficarum. Milan, 1608. Useful for the broader early-modern demonological visual environment in which goat-headed and winged devil imagery circulated, without treating those images as earlier Baphomets.TEMPLAR SURVIVAL MYTHS AND ESOTERIC REINTERPRETATIONLe Forestier, René. La Franc-maçonnerie templière et occultiste aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Paris/Louvain: Aubier-Montaigne/Editions Nauwelaerts, 1970.Nicolai, Christoph Friedrich. Versuch über die Beschuldigungen, welche dem Tempelherrenorden gemacht worden, und über dessen Geheimniß. Berlin, 1782.Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von. “Mysterium Baphometis Revelatum.” 1818.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsBibliographyPRIMARY AND HISTORICAL SOURCESApollonius Rhodius. Argonautica. Especially Book IV for the story of Talos.Aristotle. Generation of Animals.Aristotle. History of Animals. Relevant to ancient theories of reproduction and spontaneous generation.Babylonian Talmud. Sanhedrin 65b. Rava's creation of an artificial man and the encounter with Rabbi Zeira.Besetzny, Emil, ed. Die Sphinx: Freimaurerisches Taschenbuch. Vienna: Rosner, 1873. Especially “Die wahrsagenden Geister des Brs. Joh. Ferd. Grafen von Kueffstein,” beginning around p. 111. This is an important early printed source for the later story of Kueffstein's alleged “prophesying spirits” or homunculi.Hartmann, Franz. The Life of Philippus Theophrastus Bombast of Hohenheim, Known by the Name of Paracelsus, and the Substance of His Teachings. London: George Redway, 1887. Hartmann reproduces the Kueffstein story while explicitly tracing it to Besetzny's 1873 Sphinx and alleged Masonic manuscripts and Kammerer's diary.Hartsoeker, Nicolaas. Essay de dioptrique. Paris: Jean Anisson, 1694. Contains Hartsoeker's famous speculative depiction of a miniature preformed organism associated with spermist preformationism.Homer. Iliad. Book XVIII. Relevant passages include Hephaestus's intelligent golden attendants and his self-moving tripods.Ovid. Metamorphoses. Book X. Pygmalion and the animation of the manufactured human form.Pseudo-Paracelsus / Paracelsian tradition. De natura rerum. Particularly the section traditionally cited for the generation of the homunculus. Modern scholarship makes the authorship and textual history substantially more complicated than older occult editions suggest.Sefer Yetzirah / Book of Formation. Various recensions and translations. Foundational for later Jewish mystical traditions involving creation through letters, numbers, and divine language.ALCHEMY, HOMUNCULI, AND ARTIFICIAL LIFENewman, William R. Promethean Ambitions: Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature. University of Chicago Press, 2004. Particularly Chapter 4, “Artificial Life and the Homunculus.” This is one of the most important scholarly sources for the entire episode and for the larger medieval/early-modern debate over art versus nature.Newman, William R. “The Homunculus and the Mandrake: Art Aiding Nature versus Art Faking Nature.” In Genesis Redux: Essays in the History and Philosophy of Artificial Life. University of Chicago Press, 2007. Especially useful for the relationship between the Paracelsian homunculus, mandrake/Alraun traditions, and artificial generation.Newman, William R. “Bad Chemistry: Basilisks and Women in Paracelsus and pseudo-Paracelsus.” Ambix 67, no. 1 (2020): 30–46. DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2020.1720341.Gantenbein, Urs Leo. “Real or Fake? New Light on the Paracelsian De natura rerum.” Ambix 67, no. 1 (2020): 4–29. DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2020.1720339. Essential for the disputed authorship, multiple-author evidence, and the 1571 earliest presently identified manuscript of De natura rerum.Hirai, Hiro. “Into the Forger's Library: The Genesis of De natura rerum in Publication History.” Early Science and Medicine 24 (2019): 485–503. Important for the pseudo-Paracelsian publication context surrounding the text.Murase, Amadeo. “The Homunculus and the Paracelsian Liber de imaginibus.” Ambix 67, no. 1 (2020): 47–61. DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2020.1720359. Useful for showing that the biological bottle-creature was not the only homunculus concept found within the broader Paracelsian textual tradition.THE LIBER VACCAE / BOOK OF THE COWSaif, Liana. “The Cows and the Bees: Arabic Sources and Parallels for Pseudo-Plato's Liber Vaccae (Kitāb al-Nawāmīs).” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 79 (2016): 1–47. Essential for the Arabic context, surviving fragments, textual transmission, and artificial-generation experiments.Van der Lugt, Maaike. “‘Abominable Mixtures’: The Liber vaccae in the Medieval West, or The Dangers and Attractions of Natural Magic.” Traditio (2016). Particularly valuable for the Western reception of the Liber Vaccae, its controversial operations, and medieval arguments over natural versus illicit magic.Page, Sophie. Magic in the Cloister: Pious Motives, Illicit Interests, and Occult Approaches to the Medieval Universe. Especially the chapter “The Liber Vaccae: Magical Uses of Monstrous Creations.” Useful for manuscript culture and the practical reception of the text in medieval magical collections.Anonymous / Pseudo-Plato. Kitāb al-Nawāmīs / Liber Vaccae / Liber institutionum activarum. Surviving Arabic fragments and Latin manuscript tradition. The work circulated under several titles and pseudonymous attributions.JĀBIR, TAKWĪN, AND ISLAMIC ALCHEMYHaq, Syed Nomanul. Names, Natures and Things: The Alchemist Jābir ibn Hayyān and His Kitāb al-Ahjār (Book of Stones). Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, vol. 158. Important for the Jabirian corpus, theories of qualities and balance, and the complicated question of Jabirian authorship.Kraus, Paul. Jābir ibn Hayyān: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. 2 vols. Cairo, 1942–1943. Foundational scholarship behind the theory that much of the Jabirian corpus emerged from a later intellectual school rather than exclusively from a single eighth-century author.O'Connor, Kathleen Malone. The Alchemical Creation of Life (Takwīn) and Other Concepts of Genesis in Medieval Islam. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1994. A major study devoted specifically to takwīn, artificial generation, and concepts of life and creation in medieval Islamic alchemical thought.GOLEM AND JEWISH ARTIFICIAL-HUMAN TRADITIONSIdel, Moshe. Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990. The major scholarly study for the development of golem traditions, Sefer Yetzirah, ritual techniques, language, and artificial anthropoids in Jewish mysticism.Babylonian Talmud. Sanhedrin 65b.Sefer Yetzirah. Various editions and translations.MANDRAKE / ALRAUNNewman, William R. “The Homunculus and the Mandrake: Art Aiding Nature versus Art Faking Nature.” In Genesis Redux, 2007.Dafni, Amots, et al. “The Rise and Fall of Mandrake in Medicine.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022/2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115874. Useful for the historical medical use of mandrake and its transition between medicine, folklore, and magical practice.A Comprehensive Review on the Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of the Mandragora Genus. Review covering traditional uses, atropine, scopolamine, other alkaloids, pharmacology, and toxicity.Grynkiewicz, Grzegorz, and Marcin Gadzikowska. “Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production.” Molecules 24 (2019). Useful background for the pharmacology of atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and related tropane alkaloids.PREFORMATION AND THE SPERMATIC HOMUNCULUSHartsoeker, Nicolaas. Essay de dioptrique. Paris: Jean Anisson, 1694.The surviving work is especially valuable because Hartsoeker's famous figure has repeatedly been misrepresented as an actual microscopic observation. The historical evidence instead supports it as a speculative illustration associated with spermist preformation theory, and Hartsoeker himself did not use “homunculus” as the name for the figure.LITERARY ARTIFICIAL LIFEShelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. London, 1818.Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Faust: Part Two. Completed shortly before Goethe's death and published in 1832. Particularly the laboratory creation and subsequent journey of the Homunculus.THE CORTICAL HOMUNCULUSPenfield, Wilder, and Edwin Boldrey. “Somatic Motor and Sensory Representation in the Cerebral Cortex of Man as Studied by Electrical Stimulation.” Brain 60, no. 4 (1937): 389–443. DOI: 10.1093/brain/60.4.389. Foundational source behind the cortical motor and sensory maps later popularly represented as the cortical homunculus.Penfield, Wilder, and Theodore Rasmussen. The Cerebral Cortex of Man: A Clinical Study of Localization of Function. New York: Macmillan, 1950. The source for the familiar separate sensory and motor homunculus illustrations arranged along brain cross-sections.Catani, Marco. “A Little Man of Some Importance.” Brain 140, no. 11 (2017): 3055–3061. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx270. An open-access historical reassessment of Penfield and Boldrey's 1937 paper and its 126 cases.Gandhoke, Gurpreet S., et al. “Edwin Boldrey and Wilder Penfield's Homunculus: A Life Given by Mrs. Cantlie (In and Out of Realism).” World Neurosurgery 132 (2019): 377–388. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31470165/. Examines the illustrator Hortense Cantlie, the difference between the 1937 and 1950 presentations, and the limitations of the maps.Production visual note (not spoken): The script discusses, but the Word file does not reproduce, a cortical homunculus diagram. For a video episode, display a properly licensed and credited pair of sensory and motor maps when this chapter begins. A reusable redrawn source is available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homunculus-de.svg ; verify license/attribution for any selected version. To showAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball.