First Principles of Medicine

Let’s make sense of the confusion. In this episode, we unpack delirium, what it is, why it happens, and how it affects patients and those caring for them. Join us for a clear, approachable conversation about a complex and often misunderstood condition.=== Other Links ===Check out our new website ⁠1pm.wiki⁠ for the ⁠Notion document⁠, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes.Check out our Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine/⁠Recorded 1 October 2026. Hosts: Shubh Bhardwaj, Fahad Saleem, Henry Small. Produced by: Shubh BhardwajIf you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an email at ⁠[email protected]

The First Principles of Meningitis. In this episode we breakdown the first principles, going over pathophysiology, examination differences between adults and children, diagnosis and management of Meningitis, with a focus on bacterial meningitis, then solidifying the concepts we discuss with a case study and summary. === Other links ===Check out our 1PM Notion website for medical study notes, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes!1PM Website: ⁠https://1pm.notion.site/4510c91c17314baf8f6b8e30b59159bb?v=e9a7d53846c842ba9b0b79836ef6020a⁠Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine⁠Recorded 4 September 2026. Hosts: Fahad Saleem, Shubh Bhardwaj, Henry Small Produced by Fahad Saleem

Welcome to the First Principles of Medicine podcast. In this series, we break down complex medical topics into their first principles! So when the stress is on and you've been asked a tough question that you don't know the answer to in an exam, we feel like you can fall back on these first principles to formulate a decent answer to reason your way out of trouble.In this episode, your hosts Henry, Shubh and Fahad will tackle bronchiolitis, one of the most common conditions in paediatric medicine. We'll cover first principles such as :- Infants have smaller airways, so their airways are more easily narrowed.- Bronchiolitis starts in the upper airway, and descends down the respiratory tract as the viral load increases.- Infants cannot cough up mucus, so secretions collect in their lower airways.- Bronchiolitis has a fairly predictable course of disease, main management is expectant management with supportive care as needed.- Important to counsel patients on the likely course of their child's illness.We hope this episode helps consolidate your understanding of this very important condition. Feel free to listen at 1.5-2x speed as well!=== Other links ===1PM Website: https://app.notion.com/p/1pm/47-Bronchiolitis-From-Happy-Wheezers-to-Noisy-Breathers-3fdef1d0b55f8046acc1e40d25499c1aCheck out our new website 1pm.wiki for the Notion document, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes!Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicineRecorded 1 September 2026. Hosts: Henry Small, Shubh Bhardwaj, Fahad Saleem. Produced by Henry Small.If you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an email at [email protected]

It's just a swollen eye… right? 👀 But when does a simple eyelid infection become a sight-threatening emergency?In this episode, we take a first principles approach to Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis, breaking down the anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical reasoning behind these two commonly confused conditions.We discuss why the orbital septum matters, how a seemingly innocent sinus infection can spread into the orbit, and the key red flags that help you distinguish periorbital from orbital cellulitis. From proptosis and painful eye movements to RAPDs, imaging, and antibiotic management, we work through how you would approach a patient presenting with a swollen, red eye in the ED.Whether you're on your paediatric or ophthalmology placement, preparing for OSCEs, or just trying to remember what lies behind the orbital septum, this episode will help you recognise when an eye infection is more than meets the eye.=== Other links ===Check out our 1PM Notion website for medical study notes, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes!1PM Website: https://1pm.notion.site/4510c91c17314baf8f6b8e30b59159bb?v=e9a7d53846c842ba9b0b79836ef6020aInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicineRecorded 19 August 2026. Hosts: Truman Lo, Titus Leong, Sithum Fernando, Eric Ny. Produced by Truman Lo.

Why does a clot in the lungs kill? It isn’t suffocation—it’s mechanical plumbing failure.In this episode, we strip away all the confusing aspects surrounding Pulmonary Embolism and look at it through a first principles approach. We discuss a very famous triad, V/Q mismatches and how you would approach a patient that has just hopped off a long-haul flight and now has chest pain in the ED 👀 .Whether you’re on the wards or prepping for exams, this is the fundamental physiological map you need before you ever order that CTPA.=== Other links ===1PM Website: https://app.notion.com/p/1pm/45-Pulmonary-Embolism-PE-3b9ef1d0b55f8097a0b6e8d24af06281?v=4d229ecad0cb49b68d92006860e3059d&source=copy_linkCheck out our new website 1pm.wiki for the Notion document, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodesInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicineRecorded 30 June 2026. Hosts: Titus Leong, Sithum Fernando, Eric Ny, Truman Lo . Produced by Titus Leong.If you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an email at [email protected]@ First Principles of Medicine 2026

***Disclaimer*** We apologise for the audio quality of this episode, we encountered some technical difficulties during recording. The First Principles of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Join us as we discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of GORD, a common condition which you will encounter throughout your medical career.=== Other Links ===1PM Websitehttps://1pm.notion.site/Gastroesophageal-Reflux-Disease-152ef1d0b55f81b29c37f256de847d4aCheck out our new website 1pm wiki for the Notion document, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine/Recorded March 2026. Hosts: Norman Luyt, Benjamin Earner, Fahad SaleemProduced by Norman Luyt.If you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an emailat [email protected]© First Principles of Medicine 2026

***Disclaimer*** We apologise for the audio quality of this episode, we encountered some technical difficulties during recording. The First Principles of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Join us as we discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of GORD, a common condition which you will encounter throughout your medical career.=== Other Links ===1PM Websitehttps://1pm.notion.site/Gastroesophageal-Reflux-Disease-152ef1d0b55f81b29c37f256de847d4aCheck out our new website 1pm wiki for the Notion document, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine/Recorded March 2026. Hosts: Norman Luyt, Benjamin Earner, Fahad SaleemProduced by Norman Luyt.If you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an emailat [email protected]© First Principles of Medicine 2026

Ectopic pregnancy is an important condition that medical students are bound to come across during their rotations and of course, in exams. In this episode, we go through ectopic pregnancy from the ground up: how it happens, how patients present, how we diagnose it, and what we can actually do about it. We hope this episode helps set you up for your upcoming rotations or act as a nice revision for your ongoing studies.Join us and find out why, when it comes to pregnancy, location really does matter 👀#43 - Ectopic Prengnacy=== Other links ===1PM Website: https://app.notion.com/p/1pm/43-Ectopic-Pregnancy-3d8ef1d0b55f802ba633de72dd9e422fCheck out our new website 1pm.wiki for the Notion document, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodesInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicineRecorded 21 May 2026. Hosts: Sithum Fernando, Eric Ny, Titus Leong. Produced by Sithum Fernando.If you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an email at [email protected]@ First Principles of Medicine 2026

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a condition we commonly encounter on the wards and in the Emergency Department. But how well do we really understand what is happening beneath the surface?Join us as we go back to the first principles of medicine to explore DVT—from the underlying pathophysiology and risk factors to recognising the key clinical features and approaching a patient when DVT is suspected. We’ll break down the essentials you need to know to confidently identify DVT in clinical practice and understand why it matters.Whether you’re revising for exams, on the wards, or preparing for your next ED shift, this episode will help you build a practical, first-principles approach to DVT.=== Other Links ===1PM WebsiteCheck out our new website 1pm.wiki for the Notion document, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine/Recorded 18nd June, 2026. Hosts: Andreana Goh, Jasmyne Le, Angela Goh Produced by: Andreana GohIf you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an email at [email protected]© First Principles of Medicine 2026

Prostate Cancer and BPH are very common conditions in the elderly males. They are very common conditions in the hospital setting, and medical students are bound to encounter it whilst on their rotations. We hope that this podcast will be able to set you up for success in your coming rotations or act as a nice revision for you ongoing studies.Join us in reaching deep into the prostate and it's pathology - not just with your mind, but also a finger 🫢#41 - Prostate Cancer & BPH=== Other Links ===1PM Website: https://1pm.notion.site/41-Prostate-Cancer-BPH-3caef1d0b55f8054a2f7c570316a8688?pvs=143Check out our new website⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠1pm.wiki⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Notion document⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes.Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Recorded 2nd June, 2026. Hosts: Eric Ny, Sithum Fernando, Titus Leong, Truman Lo . Produced by Eric Ny.If you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an email at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠[email protected]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠© First Principles of Medicine 2026