Fear And Trembling On The Mountain: PURGATORIO, Canto XX, Lines 124 - 151

Statius and Virgil continue their conversation as they climb to the sixth terrace with the pilgrim Dante.Statius explains that he discovered his error when he read two lines from Virgil's AENEID. The problem is that Statius misquotes these lines and misinterprets them, making them fit his personal situation while pushing them through Aristotle's ethics.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we look at this wild passage that has inspired over seven hundred years of commentary. What if the way you can get saved is by misinterpreting a classical text?Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[01:57] My English translation of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXII, lines 25 - 54. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.[05:08] The binary relationship becomes a triangulation, thereby elevating the pilgrim Dante.[08:30] Statius' changing status in Purgatory colors (or darkens) Aristotle's notions of accidents and substances.[16:06] Statius seems to have read Dante's INFERNO![21:19] Statius misquotes and misinterprets a passage from THE AENEID, which then leads to his salvation (or at least to the recognition of his errors).[29:16] Avarice and prodigality are apparently mostly connected to the clergy.[30:18] The whole discussion falls back to Aristotle's ethics, (mis)interpreted for the Christian reader.[32:58] To sum, a misquoted, misinterpreted passage from classical literature begins the journey toward redemption.[35:46] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXII, lines 25 - 54.

Blinded by the angel, Dante the pilgrim begins his climb to the sixth terrace of Mount Purgatory. But his plight is overshadowed by Virgil’s desire to know more about Statius . . . in this strange passage of misquotings and misreadings.The angel cuts short a beatitude from the gospels. Virgil seems to misquote Francesca from INFERNO, Canto V. And Virgil himself seems to toss out Aristotle’s Golden Mean to get what he wants from Statius.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we work through the start of many misquotations and misreadings that make up PURGATORIO, Canto XXII.If you'd like to help out with the many fees associated with this podcast, you can offer a one-time donation or a small monthly stipend of a couple of dollars, pounds, or Euros, using this PayPal link right here.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[01:59] My English translation of the medieval Florentine. If you'd like to read along or add a comment to continue the discussion with me, please find the entry for this episode of the podcast on my website, markscarbrough.com.[04:02] My opening remarks on PURGATORIO, Canto XXII.[06:57] The climb and the truncated beatitude.[12:23] Action off-stage . . . because of haste or because of blindness?[15:47] Virgil's quotation (or misquotation) of Francesca from INFERNO, Canto V.[20:55] Virgil's tragedy and Dante's hope.[25:43] The question on all of our minds (with a passing reference to Aristotle's Ethics).[29:29] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXII, lines 1 - 24.

We have been a long time on the terrace of the avaricious (without knowing there's another sin punished there as well). We're ready to climb on up to the sixth terrace of Mount Purgatory with Virgil and Statius as the pilgrim Dante's guide.On this episode, sit back for a read-through of these three cantos.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as I read a rough translation of PURGATORIO, Cantos XXII, XXIII, and XXIV, exploring the climb up from the fifth terrace, the discussions between Virgil and Statius, and the poetic-prophetic space that makes up the arboretum of the sixth terrace, the one with the gluttons.If you'd like to help underwrite the many costs of this podcast, you can make a one-time contribution or set up a very small monthly stipend by visiting this PayPal link right here.[01:33] A read-through of Cantos XXII, XXIII, and XXIV of PURGATORIO. No translation available--just sit back and listen. A closer, better translation lies ahead when we break down these cantos into their respective parts.

Statius has sung his (first!) hymn of praise to Virgil without knowing that the old poet is right in front of him. Dante the pilgrim is caught between them in this most human episode with his master, Virgil, demanding silence and his new friend, Statius, wanting to know why the pilgrim is smiling.Which means Dante is also caught on his emotions which seem to be overriding his will . . . in a canto about the will's primacy.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, for the very human ending to his surprising and comedic canto in PURGATORIO.If you'd like to help out with the many fees associated with this podcast, for streaming, hosting, editing, and more, please consider a one-time donation or a very small monthly stipend, using this PayPal link right here.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[02:25] My English translation of the passage. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.[05:33] The curious inelegance of the poetry in this passage.[08:31] The welling up of emotions into the eyes.[11:50] Virgil's curious reticence.[13:21] The will v. the emotions--ever the human dilemma.[17:43] The dramatization of the anxiety of influence--and of the divided will.[19:56] The revelation of Virgil on this road to Emmaus.[22:46] Polytheism in this monotheistic poem?[24:10] Statius' error and apology.[29:12] The imperfections of the perfected.[31:03] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 103 - 136.

We finally get to know our unknown shade on the fifth terrace of Purgatory: Statius, the epic Roman poet.His salvation is one of the most audacious moves in all of COMEDY. Dante has to work every fiction-making muscle he has to assert that this pagan poet has spend so long in Purgatory on his way to heaven . . . and finds himself face to face with Virgil, his poetic inspiration and apparently the carrier of God's revelation.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we discover another way that love moves the fence.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[01:52] My English translation of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 76 - 102. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.[04:49] Introducing Publius Papinius Statius (45 - 96 CE), the author of THE THEBIAD and THE ACHILLEID . . . and a soul who should never be here in Purgatory.[10:36] Virgil's continued insistence on the "why?"[13:38] The lamentable if inevitable bloom of antisemitism in COMEDY.[17:30] Statius, always without faith in the historical record but always vocalized in COMEDY.[20:36] The shocking conjunction of THE AENEID and babytalk.[24:06] A bit of heresy from Statius . . . unless the redeemed don't have to be perfect.[27:19] Why Statius in Canto XXI of PURGATORIO?[31:35] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 76 - 102.

The still-unknown shade on the fifth terrace of Mount Purgatory rounds out his answer to Virgil's questions with some shocking revelations: The souls in Purgatory seem to declare the moment they're cleansed. The will is the only proof that their penance is complete. They stand up. They choose to move on.Or do they? Is it that simple? Or theologically explosive? This passage is easy to overstate, particularly in the modern world. But there are actually at least two safeguards on this notion of free will in the soul's answer.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we explore the theological second half of the soul's answer to Virgil's questions.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[02:02] My English translation of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 58 - 75. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with a comment, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.[05:13] The supremacy of the will (and of interiority).[10:10] The supremacy of divine justice (and a counterweight in the argument).[14:28] The turn to the speaker's autobiography.[17:06] The pilgrim as a third in an otherwise simple dialogue between two.[19:31] Rereading the entire answer to Virgil's questions: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 40 - 75.

Virgil has asked two questions: Why'd the mountain shake and why'd the shades all cry out with one voice?The unknown shade on the fifth terrace of Mount Purgatory begins his answer by referring to Aristotle's notions of change . . . and offers the surprising conclusion that some change is impossible about the three steps to the gate of Purgatory proper.And then he does something wilder: He begins to wrap the poetic imagery of Cantos XX and XXI back onto itself.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we explore this difficult passage, the first part of the unknown shade's answer.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[02:20] My English translation of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 40 - 57. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me via a comment, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.[04:08] The mountain's meteorology and Aristotelian accidental change.[09:09] Two translation issues early in the passage.[12:45] Classical learning: Thaumus's daughter, Iris.[15:41] Stable feet v. wet feet . . . and the search for a contemplative space.[19:28] The refusal to answer "why?"[21:16] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 40 - 57.

The unknown shade has been gobsmacked by the fact that escapees from hell may be climbing Mount Purgatory.Virgil explains that the pilgrim is still very much alive. To do so, Virgil uses classical, not Christian, imagery. And Virgil presses for an answer as to "why" the mountain just shook and "why" all the souls sang out with one voice.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we explore Virgil's curious answer to the unknown shades questions on the fifth terrace of Purgatory, among the avaricious.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[01:43] My English translation of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 22 - 39. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me, please find the entry and comment section for this particular episode on my website: markscarbrough.com.[03:49] Doctor Virgil explains the symbols on the pilgrim Dante's forehead . . . or does he?[08:15] Virgil offers the firm assurance of the pilgrim Dante's redemption.[10:37] Virgil uses classical imagery to explain life and death.[14:32] Was Virgil fished out of all of hell or just Limbo?[17:23] Virgil focuses on the "why?"[20:42] The thread and the thirst wrap the poetry in the canto.[22:40] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 22 - 39.

Dante is left wondering why the mountain has shaken when an even deeper mystery occurs: a shade appears seemingly out of nowhere and behind our pilgrim and Virgil.This shade offers a Christian greeting, Virgil returns it in a darker way, and then this shade assume he's looking at two damned shades, escaped from hell.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we look at this most curious passage that begins one of the most fascinating cantos in all of Dante's COMEDY.If you'd like to help underwrite this podcast, please consider a one-time donation or a small monthly stipend using this PayPal link right here.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[01:54] My English translation of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 1 - 21. If you'd like to read along or offer more commentary, please find the entry for this podcast episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.[04:43] Introductory material for Canto XXI.[07:26] Hesitation, the desire to know, and Aristotle.[10:46] The Samaritan woman and a shift in the nature of thirst.[13:35] Haste and liminal spaces.[15:15] Vendetta, justice, and human compassion.[17:33] The road to Emmaus and the resurrection.[21:26] The sudden appearance of a shade.[25:14] Christian greetings, darkened by Virgil.[28:40] A transfer of "what?" from Dante the pilgrim to this shade.[30:27] This shade, Virgil, and Dante together.[31:54] A rereading of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXI, lines 1 - 21.

Dante the pilgrim and Virgil have seemingly moved off even as Hugh Capet was still speaking. They're picking their way among the avaricious when they're stopped by an earthquake that rattles Mount Purgatory.Dante is afraid. Virgil may even be afraid. But he tells the pilgrim to "fear not," much as those angels tell the shepherds at the birth of Jesus.Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we work our way through the end of PURGATORIO, Canto XX: a return to the plot with lots of portents for what's ahead.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[01:33] My English translation of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XX, lines 124 - 151. If you'd like to read along or drop a comment to continue the conversation, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.[04:13] A return to the plot--or to the "now" (which may be what avarice cannot understand).[09:49] The third earthquake of COMEDY.[12:11] Two references to birth with this earthquake.[15:44] Virgil's "fear not" when he doesn't seem fearless.[16:56] The pilgrim's possibly faulty memory.[20:29] INFERNO XX vs. PURGATORIO XX.[24:27] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XX, lines 124 - 151.