#21 Selenium's Dual Role in Health & Aging in the Womb | Dr. Vadim Gladyshev

Dr. Jennifer Garrison is a an Assistant professor at the Buck Institute for research on aging where she studies women's reproductive aging. In today’s conversation we discussed menopause and it’s effect on women’s health, hormone replacement therapy, and how increasing the number of quality eggs a woman has at age 40 by just 1% can be a game changer. Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.com/p/jgarrison Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.com/ Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajs DR. JENNIFER GARRISON LINKS: Lab: http://garrisonlab.com/ Donate to her research: https://gcrle.org/ CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD: Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajs Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajs/ Airchat: https://www.getairchat.com/aasthajs TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 1:38 Jennifer Garrison Intro 2:32 Ovarian aging & health risks 5:23 Progression of Ovarian aging 8:49 Menopause and negative health effects 10:34 Hypothalamus & Mind body communication 14:40 Reproductive & Equality Initiatives 18:21 Biological Clock for Reproductive aging 20:20 Tweaking hormonal cues 22:07 Number of eggs vs. Quality of eggs 25:00 Genetics in ovarian aging 26:21 Understanding family history 27:39 Evolutionary benefit to Menopause? 32:33 Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) & its benefits 38:28 Narrow window for HRT 40:08 Perimenopause 42:56 Women’s health funding 45:14 Average age girls start menstruating is declining 49:10 PCOS 52:42 Athletes and irregular cycles 56:36 Individualized menopause symptoms 1:00:38 Exercise and ovarian aging 1:02:00 Support Jennifer's work Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.com/p/jgarrison POPULAR EPSIODES: - Richard Miller on Longevity Supplements: https://youtu.be/42PzfNs9egA - Matt Kaeberlein on Rapamycin: https://youtu.be/BL67DhNepfg - Michael Levin on Bioelectric Signals for Longevity: https://youtu.be/XboYI_wxDr8 - Nir Barzilai on Metformin & Centenarians: https://youtu.be/YlkBE8N7sl8 - Morgan Levine on Epigenetic Clocks: https://youtu.be/am3YKiTpCHo Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity. You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, or signing up as a premium member. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

Dr. Geoffrey West is the author of the bestselling book Scale, the Universal Laws of Life Growth and Death in Organisms, cities and Companies. He is a physicist who got fascinated by the field of aging and longevity and asked the question of why we live as long as we do and no longer. In today's episode, we dive into his research on the scaling laws in biology and longevity. Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/gwest Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajs DR. GEOFFREY WEST LINKS: Profile: https://www.santafe.edu/people/profile/geoffrey-west Book: https://amzn.to/3Xtl7wU CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD: Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Twitter: ⁠https://twitter.com/aasthajs Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajs/ Airchat: https://www.getairchat.com/aasthajs TIMESTAMPS: 1:35 Context on Dr. West's book Scale 9:00 Networks in biology & cities 22:50 Scaling laws in longevity 32:33 Upper limit to human age? 39:08 Quantifying Caloric restriction 41:52 Metabolism & Body temperature 49:05 Scaling laws in age-related damage 56:35 Scaling body sizes across species 1:01:38 Scaling laws in drug dosage (LSD & Elephants) 1:11:06 Drug dosage in children (Tylenol & babies) 1:13:44 Vaccine dosage scaling laws 1:17:51 Sleep & Aging in different organisms 1:31:22 Early stimulation for child development 1:36:35 Fasting, meal frequency & digestive time 1:39:10 Sleep demands with work & physical activity 1:43:40: Scaling laws in cities, companies & universities 2:02:00 Outro POPULAR EPSIODES: Richard Miller on Longevity Supplements: https://youtu.be/42PzfNs9egA Matt Kaeberlein on Rapamycin: https://youtu.be/BL67DhNepfg Michael Levin on Bioelectric Signals for Longevity: https://youtu.be/XboYI_wxDr8 Nir Barzilai on Metformin & Centenarians: https://youtu.be/YlkBE8N7sl8 Morgan Levine on Epigenetic Clocks: https://youtu.be/am3YKiTpCHo Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity. You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, or signing up as a premium member. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

All platforms / Episode Transcript: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/saustad  Dr. Steven Austad is a professor in the Healthy Aging department at the University of Alabama and also scientific director of the American Federation for Aging research. He has a fascinating entry into the world of aging research - it all began with training lions!    There are many open questions on the caloric restriction research for enhancing longevity and we dive into that. Further, a lot of Dr. Austad’s work focuses on what long-lived animal species can teach us about living longer and healthier lives. His lab works on exotic species, like clams that live more than 500 years, and hydra that don’t age at all, in order to discover aging treatments. He also tries to uncover the mysteries around why men and women respond differently to longevity therapeutics.    Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/  Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajz  DR. STEVEN AUSTAD LINKS:  Website: https://www.stevenaustad.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/StevenAustad Faculty page: https://www.uab.edu/cas/biology/people/faculty/steven-n-austad  CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajz Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajz/  TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Training lions  7:15 Learning from Long-lived species  9:55 Bowhead whales live 200 years  12:55 House sparrows & longevity  14:40 Study "successful" animals  18:10 Naked Mole Rats  20:45 What do bowhead whales die from?  26:05 Why do ocean animals live longest?  31:05 Beyond Caloric Restriction  36:00 Intermittent Fasting & Circadian Rhythm  42:40 Caloric Restriction for Healthy people?  46:24 Will coffee shorten your life?  49:43 The Blue Zone Myth  55:50 Young Blood, I can't get you of out my Mind  1:00:26 Hormones & Health (Growth Hormones for longevity?)  1:05:18 Sex differences in longevity  Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/saustad  POPULAR EPSIODES:  - Richard Miller on Longevity Supplements: https://youtu.be/42PzfNs9egA - Matt Kaeberlein on Rapamycin: https://youtu.be/BL67DhNepfg - Michael Levin on Bioelectric Signals for Longevity: https://youtu.be/XboYI_wxDr8 - Nir Barzilai on Metformin & Centenarians: https://youtu.be/YlkBE8N7sl8 - Morgan Levine on Epigenetic Clocks: https://youtu.be/am3YKiTpCHo  Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.    You can support my work by sharing, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, donating on Patreon, or signing up as a premium member.  Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.  

All platforms / Episode Transcript & Timestamps: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom2 Dr. Dom D’Agostino may require no introduction especially in the world of ketosis! He is an Associate Professor with his research focusing on metabolic therapies, ketogenic diets, ketone supplements, and other metabolic based drugs. He is also a research scientist at the Institute of Human and Machine Cognition.   This is Part 2 of a 2 part conversation with Dom. He has so much knowledge to share and in this episode we dive into the ketogenic diet for exercise performance, keto for women & children, Dom's diet & supplement routine + more! Hope you enjoy the episode! Part 1 with Dom on Ketogenic diets for Brain Health and Longevity: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom1 Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajz SUPPORT LIVE LONGER WORLD: Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld DOM D'AGOSTINO LINKS: KetoNutrition: https://ketonutrition.org/ Website: https://linktr.ee/Domdagostino Twitter: https://twitter.com/DominicDAgosti2 CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD: Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajz Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajz/ TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 Ketogenic diet for muscle performance  0:50 Dom’s supplements & modified keto diet  3:20 Keto, NAD+, NMN 7:12 Biomarkers tracked by Dom  9:30 LDL, Triglycerides, Fatty Foods & Keto diet  14:15 Dom’s routine & supplements  18:09 Melatonin benefits for anti-cancer & antioxidant  22:37 Ketogenic diet for women  30:55 Ketogenic diet for children  32:48 Genetic aspect to keto diet?  38:32 Metformin for suppressing cancer  46:30 Ketogenic diet & Alzheimer’s   54:40 Exercise for mental health  55:53 Keto for exercise performance & bodybuilding  59:32 Endogenous metabolite & psychedelics  1:09:05 Connect with me (Aastha) Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom2 Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity. If you like the podcast, please leave a review on Apple podcasts. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

All platforms / Episode Transcript & Timestamps: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom1  Dr. Dom D’Agostino may require no introduction especially in the world of ketosis! He is an Associate Professor with his research focusing on metabolic therapies, ketogenic diets, ketone supplements, and other metabolic based drugs. He is also a research scientist at the Institute of Human and Machine Cognition.  This is Part 1 of a 2 part conversation with Dom. He has so much knowledge to share and in this episode we dive into the history of ketogenic diets, keto for brain health and neuroprotective seizures, keto for longevity benefits, weight training, caloric restriction and more. Hope you enjoy the episode!   Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/  Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld  SUPPORT LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld  DOM D'AGOSTINO LINKS:  KetoNutrition: https://ketonutrition.org/ Website: https://linktr.ee/Domdagostino Twitter: https://twitter.com/DominicDAgosti2 CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/ TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Ketogenic diet is not optimal for everyone  0:56 Dom D’Agostino Intro  1:29 Plant-based ketogenic diet  3:20 Ketogenic diet & brain protection against seizures  16:40 Ketone Esters & Salts  19:29 Does the brain need glucose?  21:37 Intermittent Ketosis & Fasting Mimicking Diet  25:17 Cyclic Ketogenic diet for longevity  28:40 Devices for tracking ketosis  30:30 Ketogenic diet for longevity vs. Caloric restriction  37:50 Keto diet for cancer prevention  41:57 Keto diet, Insulin pathway, and glucose  46:50 Time restricted eating benefits  50:17 Dom vs. Layne Norton on Joe Rogan podcast  51:40 Muscle for longevity (especially for women)  56:10 Support Live Longer World Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom1 Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.    You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, donating on Patreon, or signing up as a premium member.   Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

All platforms / Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/sapple Sam Apple is the author of Ravenous: Otto Warburg, The Nazis, and the Search for the Cancer-Diet Connection.  Otto Warburg was a Nobel-Prize winning German scientist during the era of Hitler and the Nazi’s and he was the first person to put the metabolic story of cancer on the map. The famous “Warburg Effect” that shows how cancer cells have an increase in glucose uptake even in the presence of oxygen, is named after him. It was a fascinating conversation talking about how the story of cancer research has evolved - how cancer cells eat to the discovery of oncogenes to coming full circle and making the connection between the two, and what the debate still holds in the story. We also talk about how cancer cells take up a lot of glucose, feed on sugar, and the connection between obesity and cancer. I hope you enjoy the conversation!   Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld  SUPPORT LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld  SAM APPLE LINKS:  Ravenous book: https://amzn.to/3yT9qpd Website: http://www.samapple.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sam_Apple1 CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/ TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Cancer as a disease of modern societies  1:27 Otto Warburg & the Cancer-Metabolic Connection  2:27 Warburg’s research on respiration  4:02 Why was cancer skyrocketing in Western societies?  9:17 Warburg Effect: Warburg’s research on cancer cells  15:00 Why do cancer cells take up so much glucose?  17:44 Cancer-Diet Connection  21:44 Cancer, Ketogenic diets & Fasting  23:43 Hibernation of the metabolic story of cancer  27:20 Hitler’s connection with cancer  30:07 Warburg’s arrogance  31:51 Why does cancer need glucose?  38:46 Warburg’s stigma: connecting with Nazi’s  40:51 Is insulin responsible for cancer?  48:00 Science is not immune from politics  50:24 Prostate cancer & obesity  52:13 Pendulum swing in cancer research  54:40 Mitochondria & Cancer Connection  57:07 Nazi’s fixation on cancer Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/sapple  Live Longer World Season 1 Recap: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/season1 Thanks for listening & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.  You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, donating on Patreon, or signing up as a premium member. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight.  Stay in good health - Aastha.

All platforms / Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/vgladyshev  Dr. Vadim Gladyshev is a professor at Harvard Medical school and a Director of redox medicine at Brigham and Women’s hospital, where he runs his own lab.  We had a brilliant discussion which started off by talking about his work on selenium. Selenium is found is Brazil nuts and we discussed its connection to aging and cancer prevention, and also some of the harmful effects it can have. Dr. Gladyshev calls it the good, the bad, the ugly nature of selenium.    Then, we discussed a fair bit on his theory of aging before and after development. Most people believe that the germline which is the reproductive cells do not age, but his lab’s work has shown how the germline does in fact age. On this point, his lab also has interesting results on how rapamycin during development extended lifespan in mice.   It’s important to understand the basic science and understand more on the aging process in order to crack it. Dr. Gladyshev shares his views on this too and his research is certainly a step towards cracking the aging code. I hope you enjoy the conversation!   Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://www.livelongerworld.com/podcast  Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium  Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworldOne-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld Find me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld  VADIM GLADYSHEV LINKS:  Website: https://gladyshevlab.bwh.harvard.edu/2022  Rapamycin During Development extends Lifespan: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.481092v1  LIVE LONGER WORLD LINKS:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/LiveLongerWorld Premium Subscriber: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium  TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Vadim Gladyshev Intro  1:28 Live Longer World  2:17 Selenium’s dual role in aging (the good, the bad, the ugly)  11:27 Antagonistic Pleiotropy  13:53 Selenium & Cancer  15:58 Selenium Dosage (don’t get too much!)  18:30 Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants & Aging  22:30 Fundamental basis of Aging  24:09 Aging is damage  29:20 Single cell Epigenetic Clocks  34:22 Aging in the Womb  42:16 Parent’s lifestyle for aging in embryo  44:14 Rapamycin during development  49:06 Other compounds  51:53 Slowing Aging vs. Rejuvenation  56:08 New projects being worked on  57:17 Confidence level in extending lifespan within 30 years  59:17 Support Live Longer World   Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/vgladyshev  Live Longer World Season 1 Recap: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/season1  Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.    You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, donating on Patreon, or signing up as a premium member. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

Dr. Ethan Weiss is a cardiologist and his special interests include preventive cardiology, genetics of coronary disease, risk assessment, and heart disease in the young.  In today’s conversation we spoke about misconceptions people have about heart disease, genetic factors involved in heart disease, how to understand cholesterol and triglycerides in the context of heart disease, ketogenic diets for preventative cardiology and so much more.    If you want to understand how to think about your risk assessment for cardiovascular disease and how to prevent it, this conversation is for you.  All platforms / Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/eweiss Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://www.livelongerworld.com/podcast   Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium   Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld  One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld   ETHAN WEISS LINKS:  Website: https://profiles.ucsf.edu/ethan.weiss  Twitter: https://twitter.com/ethanjweiss   LIVE LONGER WORLD LINKS:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/  Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld  Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/  Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld  YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/LiveLongerWorld  Premium Subscriber: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Welcome to Live Longer World  0:44 Misconceptions of heart disease / young people with heart disease  4:01 Predictors of heart disease  6:59 LDL vs HDL; Triglycerides  12:51 Small-dense LDL vs. Large fluffy LDL  16:09 Dietary Carbohydrates & heart disease risk  25:50 Inflammation & Cardiovascular risk  26:43 Lipoproteins, ApoB, Lp(a)  31:31 Statins, PCSK9 inhibitors  32:45 ApoB as gold standard risk marker  36:50 Triglycerides & Insulin resistance  40:00 Saturated Fat  42:42 Variation in Cholesterol measurement  46:03 Body composition as marker for heart disease risk  51:23 Ketogenic diets & heart health  56:43 Keyto breath sensor  1:01:46 Stress & heart disease  1:04:44 Growth hormone & heart disease  1:07:46 On the shortness of life  1:10:52 Support & Connect with  Live Longer World  Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/eweiss  Live Longer World Season 1 Recap: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/season1  Thanks for listening & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.  Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight.  Stay in good health - Aastha.

Dr. Michael Levin is an American developmental and synthetic biologist at Tufts University where he heads his own lab. He also directs the Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology.   His groundbreaking research focuses on bioelectrical signals that dictate the collective intelligence of cells and direct it to form tissues and organs. His work on bioelectric signals has important applications for how we understand cancer, regenerative medicine and even aging. In fact, he is collaborating with David Sinclair to see how his work can be applied to reverse aging.   Michael Levin’s work is fascinating and will surely leave you thinking. I hope you enjoy the conversation!    All platforms / Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/mlevin  Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://www.livelongerworld.com/podcast  Sign up for Premium Subscriber Summarized Show Notes on Key Points: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium  Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld  MICHAEL LEVIN LINKS:  Website: https://ase.tufts.edu/biology/labs/levin/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/drmichaellevin  LIVE LONGER WORLD LINKS:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/ Live Longer World Premium Subscriber: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium  TIMESTAMPS:  0:40 How do cells decide what to build?  10:05 DNA is insufficient for dictating collective intelligence of cells  19:00 Anatomical Complier (End game)  22:24 History of Cellular Collective Intelligence & Ala Turing  26:30 Regenerative Medicine & Morphoceuticals  38:05 Cells forming new anatomies  44:53 Cancer as a morphogenetic problem  55:16 David Sinclair, Bioelectrics to reverse aging  57:44 Synthetic Wombs & Artificial Life  59:41 Support Live Longer World! Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/mlevin  Live Longer World Season 1 Recap: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/season1  If you enjoy my work and wish to support it, consider sharing it with a friend or two and leaving a review on Apple podcasts.  And if you are further inclined to show love and support, you can donate on Patreon: patreon.com/livelongerworld Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight.  Stay in good health - Aastha.  

Dr. Richard Miller runs one of the labs for the Interventions Testing Program or the ITP, which is largely considered the gold standard for testing longevity drugs. This was one of the best conversations I’ve had on longevity supplements that affect lifespan and those that might me subject to mere hype. Dr. Miller is rigorous in his approach and states the data clearly. He also has opinions on lifespan vs. healthspan that are unique from those of most others and worth paying attention to. I genuinely walked away having learned so much from this conversation and feeling more awakened, and I hope it is useful to you too in parsing the data out there on longevity supplements.   In today’s episode, you will learn:  - The 4 winning drugs that increase lifespan in mice as tested by the ITP: Rapamycin, Acarbose, 17-alpha estradiol, Canagliflozin  - 3 other drugs that produce small lifespan benefits: NDGA, Glycine, Captopril  - Drug combinations: Rapamycin + Acarbose, Rapamycin + Metformin  - Drugs that show no lifespan increase in mice in the ITP: Resveratrol, Nicotinamide-Riboside (NR), Fisetin, Curcumin, MCT Oil, Green tea extract, Fish Oil + more  - Richard’s thoughts on lifespan vs. healthspan   All platforms / Episode Show Notes / Timestamps: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/rmiller  Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://www.livelongerworld.com/podcast  Sign up for Premium Subscriber Summarized Show Notes: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium  Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld  RICHARD MILLER LINKS:  Website: http://www.richmillerlab.com/ Photography: https://richardmiller.zenfolio.com/ Interventions Testing Program: https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dab/interventions-testing-program-itp  LIVE LONGER WORLD LINKS:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/LiveLongerWorld Premium Subscriber: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium TIMESTAMPS:  0:55 Richard Miller Intro  1:51 Richard Miller Wildlife photography  3:30 ITP - the gold standard for testing longevity drugs & winning drugs  10:51 Rapamycin, Rapamycin + Acarbose  18:48 Rapamycin + Acarbose Dosing Schedule  20:15 Combination of drugs, Rapamycin + Metformin  21:56 17-Alpha Estradiol  25:45 Canagaflozin  31:34 Does Richard take the 4 winning drugs?  32:46 3 Drugs that have small lifespan effects & promising  36:30 GPLD-1 & shared mechanisms in longevity drugs  44:04 Resveratrol in ITP  46:27 NR, NMN  52:34 Curcumin, Green Tea Extract, MCT Oil  54:54 Fisetin & Senolytics  56:12 Why most published research findings are false  1:00:03 Healthspan biomarkers at the ITP  1:02:38 Can you have healthspan without lifespan?  1:07:37 Fish Oil, Spermidine, Sulforophane  1:12:13 Unpublished data Richard is excited about  1:17:47 Flying Pigs & Aubrey De Grey  1:20:00 Exponential rise in aging research Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/rmiller Thanks for listening & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity. You can leave a review on Apple podcasts, subscribe and share the podcast.  Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight.